POWERPOINT 14 Descent into War, 1861 - 1862

War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861 Lincoln calls for troops to quell “rebellion” States make decision on secession Northern advantage Population Industry Southern advantages Could fight defensive war Military academies Cotton Strategy for South is to fight defensively, while North wants to capture Mississippi River Anaconda plan

©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Southern Secession

War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861 (cont.’d) Neither side has clear advantage in civil leaders Confederacy called for 400,000 volunteers, the Union 500,000 Bull Run (Manassas Junction) first real battle J.E.B. Stuart “Stonewall” Jackson Causalities were fairly even, but Confederates won Women participate in war from earliest days Dorothea Dix Clara Barton

Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), July 21, 1861

War Takes Command: August 1861 to March 1862 Lincoln has problems finding competent generals George McClellan John Fremont War takes tremendous toll from the beginning on economy and homefront Northern blockade is effective against South Trent Affair cuts short southern attempt to get foreign help

War Takes Command: August 1861 to March 1862 (cont.’d) General Ulysses Grant successfully pushes towards Mississippi River Fort Donelson Ironclads enter war in both Union and Confederate Navies USS Monitor CSS Virginia

©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Campaigns in the West

The Union on the Offensive: March to September 1862 With McClellan stalling, Union troops at Shiloh, Tennessee, win victory over South William T. Sherman New Orleans falls to Union troops David Farragut Confederates resort to conscription Seven Days’ War 30,000 killed and wounded Conflict was not decisive for either side

Battle of Shiloh, April 6-7, 1862

©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Peninsula Campaign, 1862

Slavery under Attack Slavery becomes more central issue Union troops accept runaway slaves as “contrabands” Lincoln begins to plan his Emancipation Proclamation Copperheads South wins Second Battle of Manassas but sustains losses at Antietam 25,000 killed and wounded at Antietam By end of 1862, war is effectively a stalemate

Campaigns in Virginia and Maryland, 1862 ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Campaigns in Virginia and Maryland, 1862

Lee’s Invasion of Maryland, 1862; Battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862 Web

Discussion Questions What were the advantages and disadvantages of both the North and the South as the war began? Compare and contrast the war strategies of the Union and Confederacy. Why did the North win? Examine the Emancipation Proclamation. What effect did it have on the war? Evaluate the presidency of Abraham Lincoln. Was he an effective wartime president? What were his greatest mistakes?