Do now activity #6 Give the complementary DNA strand for: A T A Give the mRNA transcript for: T A T Give the correct amino acid for: A U A

The Genetic Code U C A G U C A G 2nd Base 1st Base 3rd Base phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine tryptophan U C A G arginine glycine 2nd Base The Genetic Code 1st Base 3rd Base

The Genetic Code U C A G U C A G 2nd Base 1st Base 3rd Base phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine tryptophan U C A G arginine glycine 2nd Base The Genetic Code 1st Base 3rd Base

The Genetic Code U C A G U C A G 2nd Base 1st Base 3rd Base phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine tryptophan U C A G arginine glycine 2nd Base The Genetic Code 1st Base 3rd Base

The Genetic Code U C A G U C A G 2nd Base 1st Base 3rd Base phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine tryptophan U C A G arginine glycine 2nd Base The Genetic Code 1st Base 3rd Base

Section 2-4: Cell Differentiation Essential Question What 2 things have to happen before cell differentiation? Section 2-4: Cell Differentiation Learning Target Create a flow map demonstrating the differentiation of cell types from a zygote to tissue types through mitosis.

announcements Biology Tutoring this week: Lunch B (Tuesday & Thursday) 7:00AM (Monday – Friday) 15mins after school Biology Tutoring today. There are no make-ups for the Enzyme Lab

Don’t forget to chunk your notes!

Humans have ___ chromosomes. overview 46 Humans have ___ chromosomes.

overview 2 Types 1. Sex chromosomes 2. Autosomes

Meiosis produces ____ cells. overview sex Meiosis produces ____ cells.

Mitosis makes more “body” cells. overview Mitosis makes more “body” cells.

meiosis Sex Chromosomes Sex chromosomes determine the sex of an organism Humans have __ cyclins

meiosis Sex Chromosomes X X = ______ X Y = ______ cyclins

meiosis 2 Parts Meiosis 1 Meiosis 2 cyclins

meiosis Meiosis 1 Diploid (2N): cells that contain both sets of homologous chromosomes (somatic cells) cyclins

meiosis Meiosis 2 Haploid (N): cells that contain a single set of chromosomes (gametes) cyclins

Interphase The DNA doubles. meiosis Interphase The DNA doubles. cyclins

Prophase 1 Crossing over takes place to create diversity. meiosis Prophase 1 Crossing over takes place to create diversity. cyclins

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meiosis Crossing Over Parts of chromatids are exchanged when gametes are formed. Happens during Metaphase 1 & 2 cyclins

Metaphase 1 Chromosomes line up in the middle. meiosis Metaphase 1 Chromosomes line up in the middle. cyclins

Anaphase 1 Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart. stages Anaphase 1 Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart. cyclins

Telophase 1 Cells divide. meiosis Telophase 1 Cells divide. cyclins

meiosis Prophase 2 “Nothing” cyclins

Metaphase 2 Chromosomes line up in the middle. meiosis Metaphase 2 Chromosomes line up in the middle. cyclins

Anaphase 2 Sister chromatids are pulled apart. meiosis Anaphase 2 Sister chromatids are pulled apart. cyclins

Telophase 2 Cells divide. meiosis Telophase 2 Cells divide. cyclins

Cytokinesis Because of ___ ___ , 4 different cells are made. meiosis Cytokinesis Because of ___ ___ , 4 different cells are made. Crossing over

1 Male Cell Makes 4 different sperm. meiosis 1 Male Cell Makes 4 different sperm. cyclins

1 Female Cell Makes 1 egg cell and 3 polar bodies. meiosis 1 Female Cell Makes 1 egg cell and 3 polar bodies. cyclins

A zygote is a fertilized egg. meiosis A zygote is a fertilized egg. cyclins

mitosis Autosomes All of the other chromosomes are known as autosomes. Humans have __ cyclins

The cell cycle begins with _____ . mitosis interphase The cell cycle begins with _____ .

It divides using ________ . mitosis mitosis It divides using ________ .

And it splits up cells using _____ . mitosis Cytokinesis And it splits up cells using _____ .

Nuclear envelope Spindle fibers Cell membrane chromosomes Prophase

Cell membrane chromosomes Spindle fibers Metaphase

Anaphase Sister chromatids or (chromosome) or (DNA) Spindle fibers Cell membrane Anaphase

Telophase Cell membrane Spindle fibers pinch DNA pinch Nuclear envelope DNA Telophase

Cytokinesis 2 (Identical) daughter cells Nuclear envelope DNA Cell membrane Cytokinesis

Mitosis is rapid somatic cell division.

Cell differentiation After rapid cell division, these cells are sorted into different groups.

After rapid cell division, these cells are assigned their “jobs”. Cell differentiation After rapid cell division, these cells are assigned their “jobs”.

Please fill in the blanks to complete the flow map. Cell differentiation Zygote Mitosis Meiosis Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Example: Skin Example: Bones Example: Gut Please fill in the blanks to complete the flow map.