Puberty Reproduction Pregnancy MHS - 2012

The Zygote A normal cell has 46 chromosomes Male gamete sperm has 23 Female gamete ovum also has 23 2 gametes unite  ZYGOTE is formed! 1st CELL

Hormones Involved Men: Women: FSH, LH (from brain) make TESTES work TESTOSTERONE (TESTES) Women: FSH, LH (from brain) – make OVARIES work ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE

Male Reproductive Organ Scrotum: keep testicles cool: no deformed gametes Testicles: 400 million sperm a day! Epididymis: on top of testes  sperm stored here

Vas deferens: tube from testes to bladder. Prostate & SV: makes semen (nourishes gametes) Urethra: tube from bladder to outside Cowper’s gland: neutralizes acid urine.

What does each part do?

Female Reproductive Organ Ovaries: take turns releasing an egg every 28 days Follicles: Surrounds ovum and brings it to full maturity Fallopian tubes: tube from ovary to uterus

What does each part do?

The Menstrual Cycle 28 days. Start with MENSTRUATION  5 days Body acts like you are pregnant lining of uterus thickens until day 28 (OVULATION) day 14. – EGG RELEASED – time to get pregnant is here + or – 5 days.

Risks during pregnancy Highest risks are in the first 2 months… Cigarette smoke, alcohol, drugs go from mom’s blood to baby’s via the placenta and umbilical cord. Cigarettes  not enough O2  growth prob and nicotine withdrawal

Contraception Condom: only way of preventing STIs !!! Diaphragm: Re-usable… covers the cervix. IUDs: stops the zygote from implanting in the uterus Oral contraceptive: prevent ovulation – must be taken every day. Don’t miss a day!

More permanent Tubal ligation: tying off the fallopian tubes Usually irreversible. Vasectomy: cutting the vas deferens. Sperm but no spermatozoa

STIs Bacterial infections: treated with antibiotics: Syphilis: Gonorrhea Chlamydia

STIs Viral: stays with you forever… symptoms may come and go. Hepatitis AIDS Condyloma Genital herpes