Chapter 10, Lesson 4 ACOS #10: Describe events between 1803 and 1860 that led to the expansion of the territory of the United States ACOS #10a: Trace expeditions of Lewis and Clark in the American West, including the role of Sacagawea ACOS #10b: Identify the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine. ACOS #11: Explain causes of and major events occurring during the War of 1812. ACOS 11a: Locate on a map major areas of conflict in the War of 1812, including Washington, DC

Key Vocabulary Words Suffrage – the right to vote. Campaign – a series of actions taken toward a goal, such as winning a presidential election. Ruling – an official decision.

A New Kind of President Andrew Jackson was different from the first 6 presidents (they came from wealthy families). Jackson grew up on the Carolina frontier. He was poor, but tough and determined. He took the Wilderness Trail and went to Tennessee. He was a successful lawyer, politician, and business man. He was the first president to come from a state west of the 13 original states.

A New Kind of President After the War of 1812, many people moved to the new territories. When the territories became new states, the citizens were allowed to vote. The right to vote is called suffrage.

Jackson’s Election Many new voters had little education or money. Before this time, only white men who owned land or had money could vote. Women and most African Americans could not vote. Many voters supported Andrew Jackson’s campaign and elected him in 1828. A campaign is a series of actions taken toward a goal, such as winning a presidential election. People voted for Andrew Jackson because he supported the working people.

Jackson and the Bank President Jackson took the side of the farmers, working people, and frontier settlers. The national bank was created during George Washington’s term as president. All of the government’s money was in the national bank. Jackson did not like the national bank because poor people could not borrow money from it. In 1833, Jackson ordered the government to take its money out of the national bank and put it into state banks. Three years later, the national bank closed.

Indian Removal Act Settlers moved farther west every year. The settlers fought with American Indians. President Jackson thought the Indians were slowing down the country’s growth by living on the land the settlers wanted. In 1830, President Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act which ordered all Indians to move west of the Mississippi River. Families had to leave their homes and businesses behind. The United States forced Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, and Chickasaw people to move to Oklahoma, which was called Indian Territory.

The Trail of Tears In Georgia, the Cherokee had added parts of the settlers’ culture to their own traditions. Many had become farmers, built roads, schools, and churches. Sequoya invented a writing system for the Cherokee language. The Cherokees published books and a newspaper using this alphabet.

The Trail of Tears John Ross, a Cherokee Chief led a fight against the Indian removal . He went to the Supreme Court and Chief Justice John Marshall ruled it was unconstitutional to force the Indians to move. A ruling is an official decision. President Jackson ignored the Supreme Court’s decision. In 1838, the United States Army forced the Cherokee people to make the 1,000 mile journey, during the worst part of winter, to the Indian Territory. The Cherokee people had little food and water. About one-fourth (4000) people died walking to the Indian Territory. This became known as the ‘Trail of Tears’.

Although you mainly hear about the Cherokee being forced to leave their homes, other tribes were forced to leave as well. Creek and Choctaw (as well as some Chickasaw), were also forced to leave. The Seminole, in Florida, fought fiercely against their removal. One of Mrs. Everett’s Creek ancestors died during the removal!

The Trail of Tears

Osceola Fights Back The United States also tried to move the Seminole people from Florida. Chief Osceola refused to give up his land and convinced many of his people to fight. He was tricked into coming out of hiding to discuss peace. Soldiers put him in jail, where he later died. The struggle for American Indians to keep their homes continued for many decades.