ANALYSIS SPATIAL DATA University of Pennsylvania Tony E. Smith University of Pennsylvania Point Pattern Analysis Continuous Pattern Analysis Regional Data Analysis

POINT PATTERN ANALYSIS Example Application Areas • Housing Sales • Crime Incidents • Infectious Diseases • Intergroup Conflict Incidents Philadelphia Example

• Only meaningful relative to Population Where are Conflict “Hot Spots” ? • Only meaningful relative to Population  Perhaps even Racial mix • What would random incidents look like ? ACTUAL RANDOM • How analyze this statistically ?

Example Application Areas • Environmental Pollution CONTINUOUS PATTERN ANALYSIS Example Application Areas • Weather Patterns • Mineral Exploration • Environmental Pollution • Geologic Analyses Venice Example INDUSTRY VENICE

• Predicted Water Table Levels • Analysis for Policy Conclusions Results for Venice: • Predicted Water Table Levels • Analysis for Policy Conclusions Can be 95% confident that each meter of industrial drawdown lowers the Venice water table by at least 15 cm. ACTION: Drawdown was restricted (1973) RESULT: Venice elevation increased (1976)

• National Area Data by: Columbus Crime Example REGIONAL DATA ANALYSIS Example Applications • Urban Area Data by: • census tracts • block groups • National Area Data by: • states • counties Columbus Crime Example OHIO Columbus

Columbus Census-Tract Data • Explanatory Variables • Crime Rate per capita • Explanatory Variables House Values Median Income