Warbler Facts Classification Domain: Eukaryota (Organisms with complex cells) Kingdom: Animalia (Animals) Phylum: Chordata (Has a hollow dorsal nerve cord and flexible skeletal rod) Sub-Phylum: Vertebrata (Has a backbone) Class: Aves (Birds) Generally small song birds Very vocal Typically eat insects or berries

Blackburnian Warbler Description Length, 4.3-4.7 in; wingspan, 7.9-8.3 in Orange throat Orange, yellow eyebrow Small black face mask Broad white wingbars Habitat Coniferous forests Nesting Nest made of twigs, bark, plant fibers, and rootlets Held to branch by spider web Lined with lichens, moss, hair, and dead pine needles Placed near tip of branch Food Preference Insects and spiders Behavior Extract insects on small branches high up in the tree Status Stable population

Blackpoll Warbler Description Length, 5.5 in; wingspan, 8.3-9.1 in Breeding males have a black cap, white cheek, black mustache, and white throat White chest with thin black stripes down sides Two white wingbars Habitat Breeds in coniferous forests and woodlands Coniferous second growth, tall shrubs and woodlands Nesting Builds nests with twigs and lichens Lined with grasses, plant fibers, and feathers In small trees Food Preference Insects and spiders Fruit during migration Behavior Prey usually from foliage and twigs Status Common and widespread Some decline has been noted

Magnolia Warbler Description Habitat Nesting Food Preference Behavior Length, 4.3-5.1 in ; wingspan, 6.3-7.9 in Yellow chest and throat Black necklace and stripes on sides White wingbars Gray crown Habitat Breeds in small conifers Mixed forests Nesting Loose cup of grasses on a foundation of twigs Lined with black rootlets Located on branches near the trunk less than 10 ft from the ground Food Preference Insect larvae, insects, and spiders Behavior Extracts insects from undersides of conifer needles and broadleaf foliage Status Populations increasing

Mourning Warbler Description Habitat Nesting Food Preference Behavior Length, 3.9-5.9 in; wingspan, 7.1 in Complete gray hood Broken black patch at base of chest Yellow belly and vent Olive back and wings Habitat Disturbed second-growth forests Moderately closed canopy and thick understory In winter, wet lowlands with thick vegetation Nesting Open cup of grass, leaves, and bark Lined with roots, fine grasses, and hair Placed on or near ground Food Preference Insects, insect larvae, and spiders during breeding season Insects and fruiting bodies on tree leaves in winter Behavior Picks insects from branches of shrubs with its bill Removes wings and legs of prey before eating it Status Stable but slightly decreasing in areas of Canada

Prothonotary Warbler Description Habitat Nesting Food Preference Length, 5.5 in; wingspan, 8.75 in Head and chest a deep yellow, close to orange Greenish back and black eyes Wings gray and no wingbars Belly and undertail white with white spots in tail Habitat Breed in wooded swamps In the winter, abundant in mangrove forests Nesting Males select a low cavity and place moss inside before attracting a mate Females then build rest of the nest foundation Cup made of rootlets, plant down, grape plants, or bark Lined with grasses, sedges, tendrils, rootlets, leaves, poison ivy, and even fishing line Food Preference Butterflies, moths, flies, beetles, and spiders Outside of breeding season they may eat mollusks, isopods, seeds, fruit, or nectar Behavior During breeding season males defend territories by chasing away intruders Tend to stay below canopy in flight When courting, male flies close to female Status Breeding population high localized Vulnerable to habitat destruction – considered endangered in Canada

Tennessee Warbler Description Length, 3.9-5.1 in; wingspan, 7.9 in Drably colored Green back Whitish underparts Crown and nape gray Thin white line over eyes Habitat Breeds in boreal forest Open areas with grasses, dense shrubs, and young deciduous trees Winters in open second growth forests Nesting Open cup of dead grass, weed stems, dried leaves, twigs, or bark strips Lined with fine grass, moss, rootlets, and hair Placed on ground or at the base of a small shrub or tree Food Preference Moth caterpillars, fruit, and nectar Invertebrates Behavior Extracts insects from outer foliage of trees and shrubs Pecks base of flowers for nectar Status Populations fluctuate widely Depends on spruce budworm outbreaks

Wilson’s Warbler Description Habitat Nesting Food Preference Behavior Length, 309-4.7 in; wingspan, 5.5-6.7 in Yellow underparts and face Olive green back Plain dark wings and tail Males have a black cap Habitat Breeds in shrub thickets, edges of beaver ponds, lakes, and overgrown montane Winters in tropical evergreen and deciduous forest Found in mangrove undergrowth, thorn-scrub, mixed forests, and brushy fields Nesting Bowl of vegetation Lined with grass of hair Usually on ground or base of shrubs Food Preference Insects and occasional berries Behavior Extracts insects from foliage and twigs Hovers to pick prey and flycatches Status Priority species on several conservation listings due to recent population declines

Yellow Warbler Description Habitat Nesting Food Preference Behavior Length, 4.7-5.1 in; wingspan, 6.3-7.9 in Males are a bright egg-yolk yellow with reddish streaks on underparts Yellow patches in the tail and unmarked face Habitat Breed in thickets particularly along steams and wetlands Willows, dwarf birch stands, edges of fileds in the east, and dogwood Winter in mangrove forests, dry scrub, marshes, and forests Nesting Cup of grasses, bark strips, and plants Lined with deer hair, feathers, fibers from cottonwood, dandelion, and willow Food Preference Mostly insects: midges, caterpillars, beetles, leafhoppers, and wasps Behavior Males fly slowly with fast, exaggerated wingbeats away from a female he is courting or males he is competing with Males start by singing at each other, songs get quieter as the males begin chasing each other Defend their nests from several species Status One of the most numerous warblers in North America; populations seem stable

Yellow-Rumped Warbler Description Length, 4.7-5.5 in; wingspan, 7.5-9.1 in Gray with flashes of white in the wings Yellow on the face, sides, and rump Females are duller and may show some brown Habitat Breed in coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands Mostly found in mountainous areas Winter in open areas with fruiting shrubs or scattered trees Nesting Cup of twigs, pine needles, grasses, and rootlets Lines cups with fine hair and feathers Place on a horizontal branch 4-50 ft high Food Preference Many insects and wild seeds In the winter they eat various fruits Behavior Sometime fly in flocks with other birds or just yellow-rumped warblers When courting, they fluff their feathers, raise their wings and feathers of the crown, and hop from perch to perch chipping Status Populations are stable and increasing in most areas

Palm Warbler Description Habitat Nesting Food Preference Behavior Length, 4.7-5.5 in; wingspan, 7.9-8.3 in Brownish back and chestnut cap Bright yellow undertail and yellow underparts Faint streaks on sides Habitat Breeds in bogs, open boreal coniferous forest Winter in a variety of woodland, second growth and thicket habitats On the ground in savanna and open fields Nesting Open cup of weed stalks, grass, bark shreds, and rootlets Lined with fine grasses and occasionally hair Placed in sphagnum moss at base of a short tree Food Preference Insects, some sees, and fruits in fall and winter Behavior Feeds on the ground Forages in open grassy areas in winter Status Populations appear stable

Northern Waterthrush Description Habitat Nesting Food Preference Length, 4.7-5.5 in; 8.3-9.4 in Brown back Whitish, creamy underside with dark stripes Whitish or yellowish eyestripe Continually bobs its tail Habitat Breeds in thickets near streams, ponds, and swamps Winters in variety of wooded habitats usually near water Nesting Open cup of moss and leaves Lined with fine plant stems, rootlets, hair, and moss Placed in small hollow or cavity under a fallen log Food Preference Insects, snails, and occasionally small fish Behavior Feeds mainly on ground and wades in shallow water Status Common and widespread

American Redstart Description Habitat Nesting Food Preference Behavior Length, 4.3-5.1 in; wingspan, 6.3-7.5 in Males are black with orange patches on sides of chest, in wings, and in tails Female and young males with gray head and back, and yellow instead of orange Habitat Moist second growth deciduous forest with abundant shrubs Nesting Tightly woven open cup made of grasses, bark strips, hair, leaves twigs, or mosses Glued together with spider silk Fitted into branches or fork in trees or shrubs Food Preference Insects and some small fruits Behavior Moves rapidly while foraging Flashes wings and tail to flush insect prey Status Declines observed in some areas Still widespread and abundant

Northern Parula Description Habitat Nesting Food Preference Behavior Length, 4.3-4.in; wingspan 6.3-7.1 in Blue-gray hood and wings Yellow chest with black and reddish band across White crescents above and below eyes Green back and two white wingbars Habitat Breed in mature forests along streams, swamps, and other bottom lands Winters in fields, pastures, scrub, woodland, and coffee, cacao, and citrus plantations Nesting Hollow out a hanging mass of vegetation to make a side entrance and a cup Lined with hair, fine grasses, or pine needles Placed at the end of a branch as high as 100 ft Food Preference Spiders and many kinds of insects During breeding they will occasionally eat bud scales In the winter they sometimes eat berries, seeds, and nectar Behavior Glean leaves and branch tips for insects and spiders Fly with rapid wingbeats and hop quickly through branches Status Populations seem to be stable