The Legends Behind Cardiothoracic Surgical Instruments Gorav Ailawadi, MD, Alykhan S. Nagji, MD, David R. Jones, MD  The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  Volume 89, Issue 5, Pages 1693-1700 (May 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.11.019 Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 (A) Dr Clarence Crafoord. (B) Debakey clamp, developed by Dr Michael E. Debakey who is credited with many innovations during his tenure at the Baylor College of Medicine. (C) Satinsky clamp, developed by Dr Victor P. Satinsky to achieve vascular control during cardiac surgery. (D) Cooley clamp, developed by Dr Denton A. Cooley who as a resident aided Dr Blalock in the first “blue-baby” operation. Taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clarence_Crafoord.jpg. Accessed December 18, 2009. Author and source: Professor Marko Turina, University Hospital, Zurich. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2010 89, 1693-1700DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.11.019) Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 (A) Potts scissor, developed by Dr Willis Potts who as a pediatric surgeon at Chicago's Children's Memorial Hospital devised a shunt to treat cyanotic babies with tetrology of Fallot. (B) Castroviejo needle driver, developed by Dr Ramon Castroviejo, a prominent ophthalmologist credited with refining the techniques of corneal transplantation. (C) Fogarty clamp, developed by Dr Thomas Fogarty, best known for pioneering the embolectomy catheter. (D) Dr Ramon Castroviejo. (E) Dr Thomas Fogarty. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2010 89, 1693-1700DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.11.019) Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 (A) Mayo scissors, developed by Dr William J. Mayo, a prominent foregut surgeon, and Dr Charles H. Mayo, a leader in the field of thyroid disease, who along with their father William W. Mayo created the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. (B) The Brothers Mayo. Dr Charles H. Mayo (left) and Dr William J. Mayo (right). (C) Adson forcep, developed by Dr Alfred W. Adson who under the guidance of Dr Emil Beckman became the section head of neurosurgery at the Mayo Clinic. (D) Dr Alfred W. Adson. (E) Metzenbaum scissor, developed by Dr Myron Metzenbaum, an otolaryngologist who became a leader in the treatment of cleft lip and palate. Taken from http://www.mayoclinic.org/tradition-heritage-artifacts/20-3.html?scroll=5991. Accessed December 18, 2009. Source: Mayo Clinic. Provided by The Society of Neurological Surgeons. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2010 89, 1693-1700DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.11.019) Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 (A) Kelly clamp, developed by Dr Howard A. Kelly, first professor of gynecology and obstetrics at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. (B) “The Four Doctors” by John Singer Sargent. Pictured are the teaching physicians of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine: Dr William H. Welch, the first Dean of the school; Dr William Osler; Dr William S. Halsted; and Dr Howard A. Kelly. The Babcock clamp (C), developed by Dr William Wayne Babcock, chair of the department of surgery at Temple Medical College. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2010 89, 1693-1700DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.11.019) Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 (A) Finochietto rib retractor, developed by Dr Enrique Finochietto, an Argentinean surgeon who also invented a hand drill and the motorized surgical table. (B) Dr Enrique Finochietto. (C) Tuffier rib retractor, developed by Dr Theodore Tuffier, a French surgeon who pioneered surgical treatment for tuberculosis. Taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Enrique_Finochietto.jpg. Accessed December 18, 2009. Author: Unknown. Source: Billiken 1933. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2010 89, 1693-1700DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.11.019) Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 (A) Alexander-Haight periosteal elevator, developed by Dr John Alexander, the force behind modern thoracic surgical training, and Dr Cameron Haight, a pioneer in the field of tracheoesophageal fistula management. (B) Doyen elevator, developed by Dr Eugene L. Doyen, a French surgeon who was a proponent of electrocoagulation for the treatment of cancer. (C) Dr John Alexander. (D) Dr Cameron Haight. Reprinted from Brewer LA III, ed. Cameron Haight: personal recollections. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan; 1977. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2010 89, 1693-1700DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.11.019) Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions