National inventories for Air Quality Management Presented by: David.Segersson@smhi.se

National inventories for Air Quality Management 2018-11-20 National inventories for Air Quality Management The national emission inventory is used by municipalities, national authorities and consultants Emissions and trends used as markers for regional environmental objectives National inventory used to estimate contribution on different scales : Europe, Sweden, Urban, Local Requires high spatial resolution, preferrably bottom-up data Regional contribution Urban contribution There are many objectives with the creation of a national inventory. Standard usage - International reporting and large scale dispersion modeling There are also a number of objectives to use the national inventory in the national environmental work. In sweden we have tried as far as possible to cover requirements from international reporting as well as national usage. The requirements from national usage are the most demanding. The national use is: Dispersion modeling – on different scales Evaluation of comliance with regional environmental obectives (county level) Most demanding usage comes from dispersion modelling on urban and local scale Local contribution

Mixing bottom-up and top-down, integrated in one system 2018-11-20 Mixing bottom-up and top-down, integrated in one system Sources represented as point sources, line sources, area sources, grid sources and mobile point-sources (ships) All emission data stored in the AQM-system Airviro, and can be used directly in integrated dispersion models. Accessible through a web interface Publication at http://utslappisiffror.naturvardsverket.se/Alla-utslapp-till-luft/ Under development - Automizing the gridding process Parameterizising the gridding process (statistics, geographic data, national totals…) Yearly retroactive updating – for regional trend analysis We are trying to handle and store all information on a basic level – not to loose any information. This means that we store emissions on individual sources if possible. For some sectors no complete bottom-up data is available, for example residential combustion. We then use gridded emissions. Large amounts of data, we try to keep all data available in the same system with standardized methods for export, aggregation etc.

Examples Bottom-Up National road data 2018-11-20 Examples Bottom-Up National road data Traffic flow modelled for the complete national road network Defaults for temporal variation and fleet composition set depending on road type and location I’d like to show a couple of examples. A very important sector from an air quality perspective is road traffic. Traffic emissions are calculated for all roads using the ARTEMIS emission factors. A problem we are facing is that bottom-up estimations are seldom consistent with top-down estimations. In this case traffic flow modelling is updated every 3 years and the national inventory is updated every year. When gridding emissions from the road network, the grids are scaled to be consistent with national total emissions.

Examples Bottom-Up Emissions from shipping in northern Europe 2018-11-20 Examples Bottom-Up Emissions from shipping in northern Europe AIS - GPS positions of ships sent by VHF-radio Ship characteristics (emission factors etc.) from Swedish Maritime Administration Emissions calculated using Airviro Shipping has long been a very uncertain sector. For Sweden, SO2 from shipping is more important than all land based sectors together. International shipping is not part of the reporting to EMEP, only national shipping, however for national environmental work it is necessary to include also this important source. We have used data from AIS (Automatic Identification System) which is a complement to RADAR and a global standard. … Emissions of NOx from shipping during April 2010