Muslim lands fall to imperialist demands Chapter 11, Section 3 Muslim lands fall to imperialist demands

Geopolitics A foreign policy based on a consideration of the strategic locations or products of other lands. Plays important role in the fate of the Ottoman Empire

Geopolitics Ottomans controlled access to the Mediterranean and the Atlantic sea trade. Discovery of oil in Persia and the Arabian Peninsula around 1900 focused even more attention on the area.

Crimean War 1853, war between Russia and the Ottomans Russia trying to gain land on the Black Sea Britian and France joined Ottomans in hopes of blocking Russians Russia defeated Side note 1st war in which women, lead by Florence Nightingale established their position as army nurses. 1st war to be covered by newspaper correspondents.

Egypt tries reform Egypt’s location at the head of the Red Sea was valuable to France & Britain Shifted agriculture to plantation cash crop- cotton Greatly effected peasants Had to replace food crops with cotton Construction of the Suez Canal (1869) Connected Red Sea to the Mediterranean Could not pay European bankers $450M debt British occupy Egypt in 1882