Famous Fallacies, TFTD, Hurley

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Test the validity of this argument: Some lawyers are judges. Some judges are politicians. Therefore, some lawyers are politicians. A. Valid B. Invalid.
Advertisements

Deductive Arguments: Categorical Logic
Today’s Topics Introduction to Predicate Logic Venn Diagrams Categorical Syllogisms Venn Diagram tests for validity Rule tests for validity.
Philosophy 103 Linguistics 103 Yet, still, Even further More and yet more, etc., ad infinitum, Introductory Logic: Critical Thinking Dr. Robert Barnard.
Syllogistic Logic 1. C Categorical Propositions 2. V Venn Diagram 3. The Square of Opposition: Tradition / Modern 4. C Conversion, Obversion, Contraposition.
Philosophy 103 Linguistics 103 Yet, still, Even further More and yet more Introductory Logic: Critical Thinking Dr. Robert Barnard.
Categorical Propositions To help us make sense of our experience, we humans constantly group things into classes or categories. These classifications are.
CATEGORICAL PROPOSITIONS, CHP. 8 DEDUCTIVE LOGIC VS INDUCTIVE LOGIC ONE CENTRAL PURPOSE: UNDERSTANDING CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISMS AS THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF.
Logical Fallacies. Syllogism (not a fallacy) A logical argument presented in terms of two statements and a conclusion which must be true if the two statements.
Reason: as a Way of Knowing Richard van de Lagemaat, Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma (Cambridge: CUP, 2005)
Philosophy 148 Chapter 7. AffirmativeNegative UniversalA: All S are PE: No S is P ParticularI: Some S is PO: Some S is not P.
Fallacy Argument that may seem to be correct, but that proves on examination not be so. A fallacy is an error in reasoning.
EVIDENCE Definition???? Definition???? Support for a claim that is discovered from experience or outside authority (page 112) Support for a claim that.
McGraw-Hill©Stephen E. Lucas 2001 All rights reserved. CHAPTER SIXTEEN Methods of Persuasion.
Chapter 3 Introduction to Logic © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
Philosophy 103 Linguistics 103 Yet, still, Even further More and yet more, ad infinitum, Introductory Logic: Critical Thinking Dr. Robert Barnard.
AIM: WHAT IS AN INDIRECT PROOF?
Chapter 18: Conversion, Obversion, and Squares of Opposition
Strict Logical Entailments of Categorical Propositions
4 Categorical Propositions
CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISMS
Midterm Practice Famous Fallacies, TFTD, Hurley
Practice Quiz 3 Hurley 4.3 – 4.6.
Write whether the following are good or bad. List three reasons why.  Premarital sex  Drugs  Hitting someone who hit you first  Death penalty  Abortion.
Fallacy An error of reasoning based on faulty use of evidence or incorrect interpretation of facts.
Arguments Analysis and Criticism Week 8. Learning Objectives Benefits Of Arguments Analysis An Approach For Analysis Understanding Fallacies.
The Traditional Square of Opposition
Midterm Practice Famous Fallacies, TFTD, Hurley
Common Logical Fallacies Flawed Arguments. Logical Fallacies… Flaws in an argument Often subtle Learning to recognize these will: – Strengthen your own.
A Journey into the Mind Logic and Debate Unit. Week 2: May 23 through May 26 The Fallacies SWBAT: Identify the common fallacies in logic in order to be.
2. The Logic of Compound Statements Summary
PHIL 151 Week 8.
Part 4 Reading Critically
Logical Fallacies.
Understanding Fallacy
Chapter 10 notes Logic and Reasoning.
COMP 1380 Discrete Structures I Thompson Rivers University
Methods of proof Section 1.6 & 1.7 Wednesday, June 20, 2018
Common Logical Fallacies
Today’s Topics Introduction to Predicate Logic Venn Diagrams
5.1 Standard Form, Mood, and Figure
Persuasion Fallacies are our Friends?!?
Famous Fallacies, TFTD, Hurley
5 Categorical Syllogisms
More on Argument.
Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad baculum)
From Chapter 4 Philosophy: Questions and Theories
Logical Fallacies List
Fallacies of Relevance
Recognizing & Avoiding Fallacies
Practice Quiz 3 Hurley
Truth, Facts, Theories, Definitions Hurley 4.1 & 4.2
Writing the Argumentative Essay
4.1 The Components of Categorical Propositions
Categorical Propositions
More on Argument.
Fallacious Reasoning a.k.a. Fallacy.
4 Categorical Propositions
Chapter 3 Introduction to Logic 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
“Only,” Categorical Relationships, logical operators
Chapter 6 Categorical Syllogisms
Common Logical Fallacies
Brain Teaser Eskimos are very good hunters, but why they don't hunt the penguins?
Logical Fallacies Part 3 “Non-logic”.
COMP 1380 Discrete Structures I Thompson Rivers University
Chapter 3 Introduction to Logic © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley.
LOGIC and reasoning MATH 10.
4 Categorical Propositions
Practice Quiz 3 Hurley 4.3 – 4.6.
Basic Errors in Logic Featured in “Love is a Fallacy” By Max Shulman
Presentation transcript:

Famous Fallacies, TFTD, Hurley 4.1 - 4.7 Midterm Practice Famous Fallacies, TFTD, Hurley 4.1 - 4.7

For the Midterm … I will provide you with a categorical proposition, like… All cars that are not Mazdas are cars with good jingles I’ll ask you for its quality qualifier quantity quantifier copula distribution letter name terms

1 How many quantifiers are there? List them…

2 How many qualifiers are there? List them…

3 Memorize distribution! All SD are P No SD are PD Some S are P Some S are not PD

4 Standard Form… Which is in standard form, and why? No Jimmy Johns subs are slathered in mustard Some eyebrow tweezings are less than pain free procedures

5 Consider: No non-A are B (T) Contraposition Some non-A are B. (F) All A are non-B. (Und.) No non-B are A. (T) Some non-A are not B. (T) No non-B are A. (Und.)

6 Consider: All A are non-B. (F) Obversion All A are non-B. (F) All non-B are A. (Und.) No A are non-B. (Und.) No A are B. (F) Some non-A are not B. (T)

7 Consider: Some A are not non-B. (T)  All A are non-B. Contraposition (T) Contrary (F) Conversion (T) Obversion (T) Contradictory (F)

8 Consider: Some non-A are B. (F)  Some B are non-A. Subcontrary (T) Conversion (Und.) Contraposition (Und.) Conversion (F) Contraposition (F)

9 Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint). Consider: Some A are non-B. (F)  Some A are not non-B. (F) Illicit, contrary Illicit, subalternation Subcontrary Illicit, subcontrary Contraposition

10 No S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram … Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 1. Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 2. There is an X in area 2. Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.

11 All S are P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the diagram … Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 2. There is an X in area 2. Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.

12 Shade area 2 and place an X in area 1. Which of the following would be valid inferences: shaded area 2. an X in area 3. an X in area 1. shaded 1. no X’s or shadings.

13 Shade area 1 and place an X in area 2. Which of the following would be valid inferences: shaded area 2. an X in area 3. shaded area 1, and X in area 2. shaded 1. no X’s or shadings.

14 Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint). Consider: No non-A are B. (T)  Some non-A are not B. (F) Illicit, subalternation Illicit, contradictory Contradictory Illicit, subcontrary Conversion

15 Assume Boolean (Modern) standpoint. Consider: No A are B. (T)  Some A are B. (F) Existential fallacy Illicit, contradictory Contradictory Illicit, subcontrary Conversion

16 Assume Boolean (Modern) standpoint. Consider: No A are B. (T)  All A are B. (F) Existential fallacy Illicit, contrary Contradictory Illicit, subcontrary Conversion

17 Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint) All red sounds are rough flavors.  Some red sounds are rough flavors. Existential fallacy Valid, contradictory Valid, subcontrary Invalid, subalternation Invalid, contrary

18 Know these Famous Fallacies: No Fallacy! Ad Hominem (abusive, circumstantial, you too!) Appeal to Pity (ad misericordiam) Appeal to Force (ad baculum) Appeal to the People (ad populum) Appeal to Unqualified Authority (ad vericumdiam) Faulty Dilemma (compare to ultimatum) Composition Division Weak Analogy Hasty Generalization

19 Know these sorts of definition… Real Genus-Difference Verbal Ostensive Operational Stipulative Reportive Enumerative Etymological Synonymous

20 Know the 3 theories of truth, and their general problems…

21 “There were only 2 people in the room at the time of the murder … we can, therefore, exclude the fact that there was a large crowd in the room at that time.” Is this a correct, or incorrect use of the notion of a fact?

22 Identify the species, genus, and difference at work in these Genus-Difference definitions… An elephant is an animal with a trunk A laptop is a computer made to sit in your lap

22 (continued) Elephant = animal trunk Laptop = computer for your lap Species Genus Difference Species Genus Difference

23 Read section 4.7 on your own. You will have 4 sentences to translate, but none of them will involve converting a single statement into 2 categorical propositions. Good luck!