Capability Maturity Model Integration Reprezentarea in trepte Petre Paul Adrian 342C5 pauladrianpetre@yahoo.com.

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Capability Maturity Model Integration Reprezentarea in trepte Petre Paul Adrian 342C5 pauladrianpetre@yahoo.com

Subiecte abordate Despre CMMI Arhitectura CMMI Reprezentarea in trepte Nivel 1 ( de maturitate ) Nivel 2 Nivel 3 Nivel 4 Nivel 5 Reprezentarea continua vs ‘In trepte’ Bibliografie Concluzii

Despre CMMI CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) este un framework industrial care a dovedit ca imbunatateste calitatea si eficienta dezvoltarii produselor software dar si hardware. Sponsorizat de catre Departamentul de Aparare al SUA , in colaborare cu Universitatea Carnegie Mellon si Institutul de Inginerie Software ( SEI ). In definirea acestui concept s-au implicat si firme mari precum Motorola sau Ericsson. Scopul acestul concept este de a reduce riscul , de a imbunatati predictibilitatea si calitatea produselor.

Arhitectura CMMI Generic Practices Specific Practices Maturity Levels Process Area 1 Process Area 2 Process Area 3 Specific Goals Generic Goals Commitment to Perform Ability to Perform Directing Implementation Verifying Implementation COMMITMENT TO PERFORM: Senior Management commitment and written policies ABILITY TO PERFORM: Training personnel in their duties, providing adequate resources and funding assigning responsibility planning the process establishing a tailored and defined process DIRECTING IMPLEMENTATION: Managing configurations Identifying and involving stakeholders monitoring controlling the process collecting improvement information VERIFYING IMPLEMENTATION: reviewing status with high level management Generic Practices Specific Practices

Reprezentarea in trepte ( I ) Din componentele ambelor tipuri de reprezentari ( continua / in trepte ) fac parte : arii de procese , obiectivele specifice , obiectivele generale , practicile generale , subpracticile , referintele. Reprezentarea in trepte organizeaza procesele in cinci categorii de maturitate , care ne indica ce process trebuie implementat pentru atingerea fiecarui nivel de maturitate. Nivelurile de maturitate furnizeaza o cale de predictie asupra performantelor viitoare intr-o anumita disciplina sau intr-un set de discipline.

Reprezentarea in trepte ( II ) Level 5 Performanta proceselor intr-o continua imbunatatire prin imbunatatiri tehnologice inovatice si incrementale. Optimizing Level 4 Quantitatively Managed Procesele sunt controlate utilizand tehnici statistice si cantitative. Maturitatea proceselor Level 3 Procesele sunt bine caracterizate si intelege. Procesele , stardardele , procedurile , uneltele , etc sunt definite la nivel organizational. Defined Level 2 Managed Procesele sunt planificate, documentate, efectuate , monitorizate si controlate la nivel de proiect. Deseori reactive. Level 1 Initial Procesele sunt imprevizibile , slab controlabile , reactive.

Nivel 1 ( initial ) Acest nivel se ocupa de procesele efectuate. Procesele sunt imprevizibile , slab controlabile si reactive. Performanta procesului poate sa nu fie stabila si sa nu indeplineasca obiectivele specifice de calitate , cost si program. Cu toate ca aceste procese sunt haotice si adhoc, aceste organizatii de nivel 1 al maturitatii deseori produc produse si servicii ce functioneaza; totusi, deseori depasesc bugetul proiectelor lor. Process Areas ( PAs ) – functii de baza care trebuiesc efectuate la fiecare nivel.

Nivel 2 ( managed ) Acest nivel se ocupa de procesele gestionate. Intelegem printr-un proces gestionat , un proces efectuat care este deasemenea : Planificat si executat conform unor reguli Sustinut de resurse adecvate Producator de anumite output-uri controlabile Procesele sunt planificate , documentate , efectuate , monitorizate si controlate la nivel de proiect. Deseori se intampla ca acestea sa fie reactive. Procesele gestionate se apropie usor de atingerea obiectivelor specifice de calitate , cost si program. Nivelul 2 are 7 PA-uri care trebuiesc sa fie satisfacute complet ( CM “Configuration Management” , MA “Measurement and Analysis” , PMC “Project Monitoring and Control” PP “Project Planning “ PPQA “Process and Product Quality Assurance “ REQM “Requirements Management” SAM “Supplier Agreement Management” )

Nivel 3 ( defined ) Acest nivel se ocupa de procesele definite. Un proces definit este un proces gestionat care : Este bine definit , inteles , executat de intreaga organizatie. Procesele , standardele , procedurile , uneltele etc sunt definite la nivel organizational. Nivelul 3 are 11 PA-uri care trebuiesc satisfacute complet (DAR - Decision Analysis and Resolution , IPM - Integrated Project Management , OPD - Organizational Process Definition , OPF - Organizational Process Focus OT - Organizational Training , PI - Product Integration , RD - Requirements Development RSKM - Risk Management, TS - Technical Solution, VAL – Validation , VER – Verification ) Setul de procese standard al organizatiei , care sunt bazele acestul nivel 3 de maturitate , sunt stabilite si imbunatatite in timp. Aceste procese standard sunt utilizate pentru asigurarea consistentei in organizatie.

Nivel 4 (Quantitatively Managed ) La acest nivel PA-urile de la nivelurile 2 si 3 au fost deja indeplinite. Subprocesele care contribuie semnificativ la performanta generala sunt selectate si controlate folosind tehnici statistice si cantitative. Nivelul 4 are 2 PA-uri ce trebuiesc satisfacute : OPP “Organizational Process Performance” QPM “Quantitative Project Management”

Nivel 5 (Optimizing ) La acest nivel , organizatia si-a indeplinit toate obiectivele de la nivelurile 2,3,4. Procesele sunt in continuare imbunatatite pe baza intelegerii cauzelor comune de variatie a proceselor. Nivelul 5 are 2 PA-uri care trebuiesc satisfacute : CAR - Causal Analysis and Resolution OPM - Organizational Performance Management

Niveluri de maturitate Maturitate nivel Caracteristicile procesului Comportament Optimizing Concentrare pe imbunatatire a cantitatii Anticiparea imbunatatirilor dorite Lucru in echipa si inter-dependente intre acestea Procesul este masurabil si controlabil Quantitatively Managed Defined Procesul este caracterizant pentru organizatie Oamenii inteleg , sustin si urmeaza procesul Procesele sunt planificate , documentate , efectuate , monitorizate si controlate la nivel de proiect Managed Baza se pune pe experienta persoanelor mai bine pregatite Procesul este imprevizibil, slab controlabil, reactiv Initial Eficacitatea scazuta – Frustrare mare

Reprezentare continua vs Reprezentare in trepte spre CMMI Reprezentarea in trepte Reprezentarea continua Permite organizatiilor sa aiba o cale de Ofera libertate in ceea ce dovedita de predefita de imbunatatire care ofera priveste alegerea imbunatatirilor care rezultate sigure se pliaza cel mai bine pe obiectivele organizatiilor Sumarizeaza rezultate de Permite imbunatatirea fiecarui process imbunatatire a procesului printr-un in parte sa fie efectuata individual singur numar ( nivel de maturitate ) (mai lent sau mai rapid ) Se bazeaza pe o istorie relativ lunga Abordare noua , inca nedovedita din de utilizare , care include studii de caz punct de vedere al randamentulului si date care demonstreaza randamentul investitiilor ridicat al investitiilor

Concluzii CMMI promite inbunatatirea modalitatilor de producere de software si de reducere a costurilor. Deasemenea se asteapta feedback de la utilizatori externi si integrarea asteptarilor acestora in activitatile de zi cu zi. Produce servicii competitive si produse la scara mondiala.

Bibliografie http://ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/images/0321279670/samplechapter/Chrissis_ch01.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capability_Maturity_Model_Integration http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cmmi/cmmi-representations.htm http://www.sei.cmu.edu/cmmi/ http://www.trinity-cmmi.co.uk/CMMI_Representations.htm

Va multumesc !