BIOSPHERE Chapter 3 REVIEW http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html

Competition Predation Cooperation Symbiosis Name 4 ways organisms in an ecosystem interact with each other Competition Predation Cooperation Symbiosis

Another name for autotrophs All the organisms that live in a place PLUS their non-living environment ecosystem Another name for autotrophs producers

sharing care of offspring, group defense against predators Give an example of cooperation Grooming, sharing food, sharing care of offspring, group defense against predators group hunting; care for sick/injured

The portion of the Earth in which all life exists biosphere Make a food chain out of the following: herbivore omnivore autotroph autotroph → herbivore → omnivore

WHICH ORGANISMS are responsible for removing nitrogen from and returning nitrogen to the atmosphere? BACTERIA in soil The process of taking nitrogen from the atmosphere and changing it into a form plants can use is called ______________________ The process of converting soil nitrogen back into atmospheric form is called _______________________ NITROGEN FIXATION DENITRIFICATION

Matter moves through ecosystems in ______________ food chains/webs biogeochemical cycles biogeochemical cycles Which of these is a decomposer? ↑ Fungi and SOME bacteria are decomposers

Organism that eats both plants and meat omnivore Process in which water from plant leaves evaporates into the atmosphere transpiration

Which biogeochemical cycle does NOT involve a stage where the chemical How does the way matter flows through an ecosystem differ from the way that energy flows? Energy is passed in one-way direction through the biotic (living organisms) in an ecosystem. Matter cycles within and between biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem. Which biogeochemical cycle does NOT involve a stage where the chemical enters the atmosphere? phosphorus

Anything that there is not enough of which keeps the population from Process in which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas and release it into the atmosphere denitrification Anything that there is not enough of which keeps the population from growing too big Limiting factor

Which group of organisms is always found in the first trophic level of Give an example of a decomposer Bacteria or fungi (break down organic material and absorb the nutrients) Which group of organisms is always found in the first trophic level of every food chain or web? Autotrophs or producers

Give an example of an ABIOTIC factor Climate, temperature, precipitation, wind, soil type, water availability, sunlight

Food, water, shelter, territory, light Give an example of a RESOURCE Food, water, shelter, territory, light Another name for autotrophs producers

Heterotroph that obtains energy by Who is it? Heterotroph that obtains energy by eating only plants ___________________ Heterotroph that eats both plants and animals _____________________ Heterotroph that breaks down organic matter (Ex: Fungi & bacteria) __________________ Heterotroph that eats only meat ___________________ HERBIVORE OMNIVORE DECOMPOSER CARNIVORE

How is a food web different from a food chain? Food webs are made up of many food chains Which of these is an herbivore? ↑ Zebras are herbivores

Tell two ways water returns to the atmosphere in the water cycle. How is a symbiosis DIFFERENT from cooperation? Cooperation is between organisms of same species; Symbiosis is between different species of organisms Tell two ways water returns to the atmosphere in the water cycle. Evaporation and transpiration

An organism that eats both meat and plants omnivore

Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following EXCEPT: Photosynthesis respiration transpiration decomposition TRANSPIRATION moves water in the water cycle An organism that eats ONLY plants herbivore

PUT THE FOLLOWING IN ORDER SMALLEST TO BIGGEST ________________  ________________  ________________  ORGANISM ECOSYSTEM POPULATION COMMUNITY BIOSPHERE BIOME ORGANISM POPULATION COMMUNITY ECOSYSTEM BIOSPHERE BIOME

The portion of the Earth in which all life exists biosphere Organism that captures and eats another predator

What is the difference between a BIOTIC and ABIOTIC factor? Biotic factors are living; Abiotic factors are the non-living parts of an ecosystem Which organisms are responsible for nitrogen fixation in the nitrogen cycle? Bacteria in soil

mutualism Symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit from their close association mutualism An “organism’s job” that includes what it eats, what eats it, where in the habitat it lives, how it acts, and when & how it reproduces? niche

In the nitrogen cycle, bacteria living on the roots of plants turn nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into _________. ammonia

Energy moves through ecosystems in ________________. biogeochemical cycles food chains/webs food chains/webs Matter moves in biogeochemical cycles

Another name for heterotrophs A group of individuals that belong to the same species that live together in an area population Another name for heterotrophs consumers

Producers make up the first trophic level. Which of the following is TRUE? Producers make up the first trophic level. Food chains are made by linking many food webs. Energy flows through the ecosystem in one direction from the sun to producers to consumers. TRUE FALSE: Food webs are made by linking food chains TRUE

Which of these is a carnivore? Organisms that are able to take in energy from their environment and make their own carbohydrates are called ___________________________ autotrophs Which of these is a carnivore? ↑ Lions are carnivores

Group of different populations that live together in an area community All the living things an ecosystem that an organism might interact with Biotic factors

This diagram shows a ____________ Which of the organisms above is: a producer ? ______________ a consumer? _____________ How many trophic levels are shown? food chain BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 algae Zooplankton, fish, squid, shark 5

Which of the following is TRUE? Bacteria take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and fix it in a form plants can use. Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere naturally from respiration and volcanic activity . Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Photosynthesis by plants removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. FALASE: This is TRUE about nitrogen NOT CARBON DIOXIDE TRUE TRUE TRUE

Name one of the biogeochemical cycles you learned about Carbon, nitrogen, Water; phosphorus

An organism that is captured and eaten by another Group of organisms so similar that they can breed and produce fertile offspring species An organism that is captured and eaten by another prey

Series of steps in which organisms transfer energy through an ecosystem by eating and being eaten Food chain

Phosphate is released as rocks and sediments wear down Which of the following is TRUE about the PHOSPHORUS CYCLE? Phosphate is released as rocks and sediments wear down Plants absorb phosphate from the soil or from water Phosphorus is abundant in the atmosphere. Phosphorus is important for building nucleic acids, ATP, and making cell membranes. TRUE TRUE FALSE, phosphorus does NOT cycle through the atomosphere. TRUE

The scientific study of interactions between organisms and between Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is neither harmed nor helped commensalism The scientific study of interactions between organisms and between organisms and their environment ecology

This diagram is called a _______________ food web What do you think would happen to the snake population in this community if all the pine borer bugs were killed by a virus? A loss in pine borer bugs would decrease the populations of salamanders and golden crested kinglets (food for the snake) Loss of pine borers would eventually cause a decrease in the snake population too.

Any necessity for life such as water, food, light, or space resource Relationship in which organisms attempt to use the same resource at the same time and place competition

Look at the food web shown. What do you think will happen to the limpet population if all the mussels are wiped out in an oil spill? it will increase it will decrease it will stay the same; mussels don’t connect to limpets in this web Everything’s connected ! No mussels means crabs will eat more limpets; limpet population will decrease

Which of the following is part of the HYDROLOGIC OR WATER CYCLE ? RUNOFF TRANSPIRATION EVAPORATION DENITRIFICATION CONDENSATION NITROGEN FIXATION PRECIPITATION YES YES YES NO - part of NITROGEN CYCLE YES NO - part of NITROGEN CYCLE YES

Organism such as bacteria or fungi that break down organic matter decomposers Each step in a food chain or web trophic level

Tell something living things use nitrogen for. Making proteins (amino part of amino acids) Making nucleic acids (nitrogen bases) Part of ATP molecule (nitrogen base) How is movement of matter in an ecosystem different than the movement of energy? Energy flows one direction through food chains; matter recycles continuously in biogeochemical cycles

Groups of different species that live together in an area make up a __________________ community Which of these is an omnivore? ↑ Most humans are omnivores

Cycle which includes an underground reservoir in the form of fossil fuels Carbon cycle Another name for the water cycle Hydrologic cycle

Another name for a living thing Process in which green plants use energy from sunlight to produce carbohydrates photosynthesis Another name for a living thing organism

Tell the group of organisms that all the cycles have in common which keeps matter cycling between living (organic) and nonliving (inorganic) parts of the ecosystem. decomposers

Which of the following is TRUE? Organisms return nitrogen to the ground as ammonia when they go to the bathroom. Bacteria in soil change ammonia into nitrates and nitrites which plants use. We get our nitrogen by breathing. Nitrogen returns to the atmosphere when we burn fossil fuels. TRUE. TRUE FALSE: Although the atmosphere is mostly nitrogen , it is in a form we can’t use. We get our nitrogen from the food we eat. FALSE; Bacteria return nitrogen to the atmosphere through DENITRIFICATION. Burning fossil fuels returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

Carbon, Hydrogen, nitrogen , oxygen Which 4 atoms make up over 95% of the body in most organisms? Carbon, Hydrogen, nitrogen , oxygen Which of the biogeochemical cycles you learned about recycles hydrogen and oxygen? Hydrologic or water cycle

Process in which bacteria in soil convert nitrogen gas into ammonia Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits by living on or inside another which is harmed Process in which bacteria in soil convert nitrogen gas into ammonia Nitrogen fixation

An organism that eats ONLY meat carnivore Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits by living on or inside another which is harmed parasitism

Group of individuals that belong to the same Which level is it? Group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area. ___________________ Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and communities _____________________ Organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring __________________ Populations that live together in an area ____________________ Portion of the planet in which all life exists ___________________ Collection of all the organisms that live in an area together with their physical environment ___________________ POPULATION BIOME SPECIES COMMUNITY BIOSPHERE ECOSYSTEM

autotrophs or producers Organisms that can make their own food using energy from sunlight or chemical bonds in inorganic compounds autotrophs or producers All the non-living things such as climate, temperature, weather, soil type, or sunlight in an ecosystem that impact an organism Abiotic factors

Hydrologic cycle Another name for the water cycle Cycle in which photosynthesis and cellular respiration participate Carbon cycle

heterotrophs or consumers Organism that can’t make its own food and get energy from consuming other organisms heterotrophs or consumers Any relationship in which two species live closely together symbiosis

Interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another. predation Network of complex interactions linking all the food chains in an ecosystem food web

Organism that eats only plants herbivore Process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from part of the biosphere to another Biogeochemical cycle

Organism that eats only meat carnivore Process in which liquid water changes into a gas evaporation

Click here , scroll down, and complete the food web matching activity Although almost 80% of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen gas, most living things don’t have the enzymes necessary to use nitrogen directly from the atmosphere. Tell how we get the nitrogen we need to make proteins and DNA if we can’t get it from breathing. From food we eat

Cycle in which transpiration, evaporation, and condensation play Process that is part of the carbon cycle in which sunlight is used to change atmospheric carbon into biomolecules used for energy by living things photosynthesis Cycle in which transpiration, evaporation, and condensation play a role Water/hydrologic cycle

Name a producer in the food web shown http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/wildlife/whales/foodweb.gif Name a producer in the food web shown What kind of heterotroph is a leopard seal? phytoplankton carnivore

Cycle in which volcanic activity and burning fossil fuels plays a role Carbon cycle Cycle which is dependent on bacteria for nitrogen fixation and denitrification Nitrogen cycle

Which type of organism is always on the first trophic level of every food chain A producer

Cycle which is dependent on bacteria Process in which the break down of sugars in living things returns carbon to the atmosphere as CO2 during the carbon cycle Cellular respiration Cycle which is dependent on bacteria for nitrogen fixation and denitrification Nitrogen cycle

Rats, voles, mice, & mallards eat both plants and animals http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/ecology_notes_bi.htm Name an omnivore in the food web shown What kind of heterotroph is the snail in this food web? Rats, voles, mice, & mallards eat both plants and animals herbivore

Cellular respiration, burning fossil fuels Tell 2 human activities by which carbon can enter the atmosphere as CO2 during the carbon cycle Cellular respiration, burning fossil fuels Tell one way carbon leaves the atmosphere during the carbon cycle. Photosynthesis CO2 gas dissolves in water;

Tell one way bacteria help with biogeochemical cycles. Name 2 NON-human activities by which carbon can enter the atmosphere or oceans during the carbon cycle. Volcanic activity Decomposition of dead organisms Deposition as fossil fuels Erosion Tell one way bacteria help with biogeochemical cycles. Nitrogen fixation & denitrification (nitrogen cycle) Decomposers break down dead organisms (carbon cycle)

Add fertilizers; waste treatment plants Die and decompose Tell something humans do to return nitrogen to the soil for the nitrogen cycle. Add fertilizers; waste treatment plants Die and decompose Name the 4 biogeochemical cycles you learned about. Carbon, hydrologic (water); nitrogen; phosphorus