Speciation

Prezygotic isolation Temporal – crickets mature at different times

Prezygotic isolation Habitat – land vs. water garter snakes

Prezygotic isolation Behavioral – firefly mating

Prezygotic isolation Gametic – sea urchins shed gametes at same time Common west coast species: Clockwise, upper Left: purple urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus red urchin S. franciscanus and green urchin S. droebachiensis

Prezygotic isolation Mechanical

Postzygotic isolation - hybrid viability - hybrid sterility

Biological species challenges Fossil species - Bat from Wyoming Asexual species Butterfly lizard (Leiolepis ngovantrii) Eschirichia coli Ring species – Larus argentatus (herring gull)

63 morphospecies of semaeostome jellyfishes Fungi that rot a plant in Ecuador Semaeostome jellyfish are large with frilly arms Trilobites

Cryptic species

Phylogenetic species Order Carnivora synapomorphy = Carnassial teeth Suborder Feliformia synapomorphy = double chambered auditory bulb

Phylogenetic species

Allopatric speciation

Allopatric speciation - vicariance

Allopatric speciation - dispersal

Sympatric speciation Potential explanation for speciation of cichlid fish in Lake Victoria

Hybridization