The Philosophers.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHERS 101
Advertisements

WHAT WERE THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHIES OF HOBBES AND LOCKE?
The Origins of the State and Social Contract Theory
Thomas Hobbes British ( ) Leviathan (1654)
TWO VIEWS OF GOVERNMENT
Ideas About Government
John Locke ( ). John Locke “Blank Slate” – people learn and develop differently because they are exposed to different things. His philosophy heavily.
A new way of thinking!!!. King James I The Absolute Monarch.
AP World History: The Enlightenment Period 4. I What was the Enlightenment? A)The Scientific Revolution (16-17 th centuries) allowed for the understanding.
John Locke. “The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which treats everyone equally…[B]eing equal and independent, no one ought to harm.
And its influence on the American Revolution
The Enlightenment.
Ideas about Government
Government: September 11, 2015 Objective: I will understand how “natural rights” philosophy influenced the founding generation in creating government.
John Locke. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Barron De Montesquieu.
Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, & Baron de Montesquieu
The Enlightenment “Dare to Know” What is the Enlightenment? Where is it from? Europe Europe Scientific Revolution- Descartes and Newton Scientific.
Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Baron de Montesquieu The Philosophy of the Founders ****Men Who Were Not Americans, but Helped Determine What America Could.
OPENER Define “Humanism” Define “Secular”. Humanism: an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural.
Warm-up: Write your answer to this question In Your Notebook Do you think that people are mostly good with some bad tendencies or inherently bad/greedy?
ENLIGHTENMENT  During the Enlightenment Period many ideas that influenced the Framers of the United States Government developed. These ideas are seen.
WARM UP #6 1.What comes to mind when you consider the word ENLIGHTENTMENT? 1.In what ways did the colonists show that they were united before they declared.
THREE ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS
The Enlightenment (1700s).
GOVERNMENT Write words or draw pictures that come to mind about when you hear the word “government.” What is the reason or purpose for having a government?
Democratic Philosophers
The Impact of Key Philosophers
Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau
The Enlightenment Influences Montesquieu & Locke
Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-imposed nonage
AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? DO NOW: RESOLVED: that natural resources are more important to a region’s.
English Philosophers Philosopher Writings (year) Concepts/beliefs
Enlightened Minds & Revolutionaries!
Why do we have government?
State of Nature and Social Contract Theory
THREE ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS
Philosophers that Influenced American Government
Philosopher Review.
Languages of Government continued….
THOUGHTS ON POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
Enlightenment Thinkers
Machiavelli—The Prince
Locke v Hobbes.
The Enlightenment Chapter 19 Section 2.
ON THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
The Enlightenment.
The Age of Reason and Science
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY HOBBES, LOCKE & ROUSSEAU
Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau
The Enlightenment in Europe
And its influence on the American Revolution
ON THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
3 Wise Men- Locke, Rousseau and Montesquieu
And its influence on the American Revolution
Warm Up March 28 The heliocentric theory was proposed by
THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN EUROPE
Philosophies.
FIVE MAIN PRINCIPLES Reason: Truth can be discovered only by using logic and providing proof. Nature: That which is “natural” is inherently true,logical,
Essential Questions Who are the philosophers that influenced out founding fathers? Political philosophy- Machiavelli Political philosophy- Hobbes Political.
The Enlightenment Saperi audi.
The Age of Enlightenment
Major Political Philosophers
Philosophers Who Influenced the Constitution
Enlightened Philosophers: The Philosophes.
John Locke ( )                    .
American Government Early Political Thinkers
Enlightened Philosophers.
The Enlightenment Late 1600’s-1700’s.
Philosophers Who Influenced the Constitution
Government and Politics
Presentation transcript:

The Philosophers

The Philosophers Over the centuries, there have been a number of ideas about both the purpose of government as well as how government should be set up and run The founding fathers examined the views of several of these philosophers and borrowed ideas when creating the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution

Baron de Montesquieu Argued that the form of society’s government corresponds to the social, economic, and geographic conditions of that society The best government for any nation is one tailored to the unique circumstances of that nation Strongly believed in “separation of powers” within a government Best way to secure liberty and prevent the government from becoming corrupt was divide the powers of government among different actors who would check each other “Were the executive power not to have a right of restraining the encroachments of the legislative body, the latter would become despotic; for as it might arrogate to itself what authority it pleased, it would soon destroy all other powers.”

Thomas Hobbes Based his theory on an imaginary “state of nature” Believed that a state of nature would give rise to a “war of every man against every man” in which individuals fear violent death at the hands of others Perpetual state of nature would make life “solitary, nasty, brutish, and short” Humans would naturally agree to a social contract and to an authoritarian state ruled largely be fear of returning to a state of nature Benevolent Dictator “During the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that conditions called war; and such a war, as if of every man, against every man.”

John Locke Like Hobbes, John Locke also based his theories on an imaginary “state of nature” Locke believed that people were free, equal, and rational, but in a “state of nature” people would seek personal advantage Locke also believed that all people have God given rights which he called “inalienable or natural rights” These God given rights include the right to life, liberty and property No man should ever be able to take away any of the natural rights from another “All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions.”

John Locke and the Social Contract In order to protect the natural rights of people, Locke believed that humans would willingly enter into a “social contract” in which people would form a civil society and leave the “state of nature” The social contract is a contract between a government and the people Under the Social Contract, people give up some degree of their rights (by agreeing to follow certain rules and laws) in exchange for protection of their natural rights by the government Breaking the Social Contract Locke argued that if the government breaks the social contract (becomes oppressive or violent; is no longer serving the needs of the people), than the people have the right to abolish that government and form a new one If individuals break the social contract (break the rules / laws), than government has the right to punish those individuals (take away natural rights)

Rousseau “Men are born free, yet everywhere are in chains.” Rousseau also believed that a government attains its right to exist and to govern by “the consent of the governed.” (social contract) A government that rules without the consent of the governed does nothing to enforce equality and individual liberty Rousseau always aimed to figure out how to make society as democratic as possible Every man should have a say and be heard; difficult in large states! Believed in a “sovereign” which he describes metaphorically as an individual person with a unified will (the general will of all the people)