Classification systems within business registers – Session 3 ITALY - ISTAT New economic classification and new instruments for Business Register classification:

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Presentation transcript:

Classification systems within business registers – Session 3 ITALY - ISTAT New economic classification and new instruments for Business Register classification: an opportunity to improve the quality in the Business Register Simone Ambroselli Paola Vicari ambrosel@istat.it vicari@istat.it In “20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers” Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

NACE REV. 2 Change in the EU legislation Activities carried on 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers NACE REV. 2 Change in the EU legislation Implementation of the new version of the classification of economic activities (NACE REV. 2) Activities carried on Implementation of the new Italian version of the classification of economic activities (ATECO 2007) Close cooperation with Administrative sources: Same details Same interpretations Reclassification of the Italian Business Register (ASIA) according to the new version Mix of strategies Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

DIFFERENT TOOLS ITALIAN BR ASIA LARGE ENTERPRISES 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers DIFFERENT TOOLS ITALIAN BR ASIA LARGE ENTERPRISES SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES In terms of number of employees and/or turnover ACTR SPECIAL SURVEYS SECTOR STUDIES STAFF - CLERICAL ACTIVITIES Available human resources: 15,500 enterprises recoded Around 4,400,000 units Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

LARGE ENTERPRISES Experts Training course Available sources 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers LARGE ENTERPRISES Experts Experienced Staff in specific sections of economic activity classification Regional Offices Staff: closer to enterprises Training course Illustrate new classification (NACE and national version) Use of correspondence tables (NACE and national version) Principal and secondary activities Contents of the available sources Available sources Balance sheets Notes Websites of the enterprises Websites of Trade Associations Statistical data from: PRODCOM survey data-base Foreign Trade survey data-base Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

LARGE ENTERPRISES: QUALITY TEST 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers LARGE ENTERPRISES: QUALITY TEST Expert 1 Experienced Staff And Regional staff Expert 2 Ent. to check 1 Ent. to check 2 Sample of ent. 2 Sample of ent. 1 Ok 5 digits: 80% Ok 2 digits: 10% Only Experienced Staff Different: 10% Problems: More than one activity Division 29 and 31 Final assignment Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

ACTR (I) Automatic Coding by Text Recognition 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers ACTR (I) Automatic Coding by Text Recognition Generalized software developed by Statistics Canada Assign a fifth digit code to a description no longer than 200 boxes Dictionary: all the headings and the explanatory notes of the classification; all the descriptions of the connected classification, for example PRODCOM; the “empirical texts”, “captured” in the previous business surveys (around 20,000 texts) Inputs for the implementation: texts from the Chambers of Commerce (where enterprises register their own economic activity) Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

ACTR (II) Problems Normalization Tool on the website 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers ACTR (II) Problems Texts full of characters unrelated with economic activity Texts that list more than a single economic activity Normalization To obtain good results is necessary (steps): cut superfluous words or words’ segments (356 found in the Italian experience) reduce the length: divide texts after “.” and “;” analyze shorter description Tool on the website On line consultation useful in particular for enterprises and institutional users (use a common tool) Expand ACTR dictionary Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

SPECIAL SURVEYS Reasons Fields (in terms of NACE REV. 2) 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers SPECIAL SURVEYS Reasons Available tools not sufficient to identify new activities in NACE REV. 2 Fields (in terms of NACE REV. 2) Consist of approximately 45,000 units: all the enterprises larger than 10 employees and a sample of smallest enterprises Information and Communication (section J); Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis (division 71); Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering (group 72.1); Advertising (group 73.1); Specialised design activities (group 74.1); Services to buildings and landscape activities (division 81); Other professional, scientific and technical activities n.e.c., Office administrative and support activities, Business support services activities n.e.c. (74.9, 82.1, 82.9). Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

SECTOR STUDIES (I) Main source of the complex strategy 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers SECTOR STUDIES (I) Main source of the complex strategy Previous tests with reliable results First level in the hierarchical preference order of the sources Features of the source Managed by Tax Authority for fiscal purposes Enterprises with a turnover of maximum 5,164,569 EUR (SME) Coverage: around 70% of Italian Business Register 200 questionnaires grouped in four branches manufacturing: 51 studies services: 58 studies trade: 69 studies professional activities: 22 studies Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

SECTOR STUDIES (II) Main aim 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers SECTOR STUDIES (II) Main aim Choose the NACE codes of an enterprise according to the new version of the classification (REV. 2) not considering the old code (REV. 1.1) already assigned to the enterprise Basic idea Create a set of rules to link different variables able to lead the coding attribution Deterministic approach Results Codes with different degrees of detail from one to five digits Questionnaires based on the NACE REV. 1.1 and this can limit the possibility to assign specific codes Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

SECTOR STUDIES: DATA Information gathered 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers SECTOR STUDIES: DATA Information gathered Typical features of enterprises: employment localisation accounting values Set of activity-oriented information: organisation: production and/or trade (sale without transformation) in terms of turnover (percent values) type of customers (distributive channels) in terms of turnover (percent values) inputs (raw materials) outputs (kind of activities or products in terms of turnover) production processes (production cycle phases) material assets The new methodology is based on the analyses of the activity-oriented data Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Statements (introductory guidelines of NACE REV. 2) 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Statements (introductory guidelines of NACE REV. 2) an economic activity takes place when resources such as capital goods, labour, manufacturing techniques or intermediary products are combined to produce specific goods or services; thus, an economic activity is characterised by an input of resources, a production process and an output of products (goods or services); the principal activity of a statistical unit is the activity which contributes most to the total value added of that unit; the principal activity is identified according to the top-down method and does not necessarily account for 50% or more of the unit’s total value added. CONSISTENT Coding activity based on inputs, processes and outputs data analyses Turnover as a proxy CONSISTENT but based on turnover Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

SECTOR STUDIES: CRITERIA 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers SECTOR STUDIES: CRITERIA Output Main criterion in the business coding Each output (kind of activities or products) is linked to a percentage of the turnover; at the end of the process each Nace code REV. 2 is related to turnover percentages Input Necessary when a product is into more codes in accordance with the raw material used (for example, “parts of footwear”) Processes Necessary when a specific production phase is strictly linked to a single economic activity (for example, “finishing of textile”) Markets/distributive channels Fundamental in the manufacturing and trade branches: to distinguish retail or wholesale trade to single out specific forms of trade (for example, agents involved in the sale; retail sale via mail order houses or via Internet) Employment skills For example, renting of construction machinery and equipment with or without operator Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

COHERENCE WITH THE CORRESPONDENCE TABLES 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers COHERENCE WITH THE CORRESPONDENCE TABLES Changes A certain number of enterprises, with a percentage varying in accordance with the sector under examination, is recorded with a NACE REV.2 code different from what expected by the correspondence tables Break The change of the source determined a break in the time series of NACE codes distribution but Business Register improved in quality because the answers about each attribute of the economic activity definition allowed a more effective codification process Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES: COHERENCE WITH THE CORRESPONDENCE TABLES 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES: COHERENCE WITH THE CORRESPONDENCE TABLES MANUFACTURING* ACTIVITIES Record % Enterprises with a class level NACE code Rev. 2 assigned by the procedure 211,128   - Enterprises with a class NACE code Rev. 2 linked to a class NACE Code Rev. 1.1 by the correspondence tables 167,971 79.6% Enterprises with a group NACE code Rev. 2 linked to a group NACE Code 178,952 84.8% * with the exceptions of NACE Rev. 1.1 divisions: 27, 28, 29 RESULTS The lowest rate: less than 80% 15% of enterprises in the same section 4% of enterprises in the trade section Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES: COHERENCE WITH THE CORRESPONDENCE TABLES 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES: COHERENCE WITH THE CORRESPONDENCE TABLES CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES Record % Enterprises with a class level NACE code Rev. 2 assigned by the procedure 384,097   - Enterprises with a class NACE code Rev. 2 linked to a class NACE Code Rev. 1.1 by the correspondence tables 313,104 81.6% Enterprises with a group NACE code Rev. 2 linked to a group NACE Code 337,847 88.0% RESULTS Main characteristic: re-allocate the business inside the section All the enterprises with the codes not coherent with the correspondence tables are inside the same section but in different division Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

TRADE ACTIVITIES: COHERENCE WITH THE CORRESPONDENCE TABLES 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers TRADE ACTIVITIES: COHERENCE WITH THE CORRESPONDENCE TABLES TRADE ACTIVITIES* Record % Enterprises with a class level NACE code Rev. 2 assigned by the procedure 471,781   - Enterprises with a class NACE code Rev. 2 linked to a class NACE Code Rev. 1.1 by the correspondence tables 428,182 90.8% Enterprises with a group NACE code Rev. 2 linked to a group NACE Code 443.481 94.0% * (95% of questionnaires) RESULTS The highest rate: 91% Residual parts due to a re-distribution inside the section (wholesale became retail or vice versa) Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

QUESTIONNAIRES DIFFERENT SITUATIONS 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers QUESTIONNAIRES DIFFERENT SITUATIONS Every questionnaire is different from each other The new methodology reached a range of results according to different data available Three examples: Questionnaires in which NACE REV. 1.1 codes split into more NACE REV. 2 codes (so called 1 : N recoding) Re-coding in more specific NACE REV. 2 code Questionnaires with preliminary choices about the rules to apply Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers EXAMPLE A 1 : N recoding Sector Studies help the coding activity by exploiting all the information gathered from the source Best situation Example: manufacture of footwear The manufacture of footwear activity splits into more NACE REV. 2 codes Correspondence table REV 1.1 REV 1.1 description REV 2 REV 2 description 19.30 Manufacture of footwear 15.20 16.29 Manufacture of other products of wood; Manufacture of articles of cork, straw and plaiting materials 22.19 Manufacture of other rubber products 22.29 Manufacture of other plastic products Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

MANUFACTURING OF FOOTWEAR 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers MANUFACTURING OF FOOTWEAR Results NACE REV. 2 CODE NACE DESCRIPTION FREQ % 15.20 Manufacture of footwear 7,338 89.2% 16.29 Manufacture of other products of wood 42 0.5% 22.19 Manufacture of other rubber products 254 3.1% 22.29 Manufacture of other plastic products 122 1.5% 32.50 Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supply (orthopaedic shoes) 50 0.6% Other Trade or missing 425 5.2% ALL   8,231 The Sector Study collects a range of information about raw materials: wood, rubber and plastic. The coding activity based on input analyses gives very reliable results. About 6% of enterprises was recoded out from division 15 in accordance with the new rules of the classification and this important result was gained only with the availability of the new source Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

EXAMPLE B More specific REV. 2 code 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers EXAMPLE B More specific REV. 2 code The source guarantees a re-allocation of the enterprises inside the same business Main advantage: to assign a more specific REV. 2 code compared to the generic starting code REV 1.1. Example: manufacture of concrete 3 codes with a 1 : 1 recoding Available information about the outputs determines a coding re-allocation inside the same business Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

MANUFACTURING OF CONCRETE 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers MANUFACTURING OF CONCRETE Correspondence table REV 1.1 REV 1.1 DESCRIPTION REV 2 REV 2 DESCRIPTION 26.61 Manufacture of concrete products for construction purposes 23.61 26.63 Manufacture of ready-mixed concrete 23.63 26.60 Manufacture of other articles of concrete, plaster and cement 23.69 Results NACE REV. 1.1 NACE REV. 2 26.61 26.63 26.60 ALL 23.61 479 6 398 883 23.63 97 626 41 764 23.69 155 16 265 436 23.6 63 27 80 170 Other 83 23 76 182 877 698 860 2,435 With the new approach only the 50% of the generic NACE REV. 1.1 class 26.60 was coded in the generic REV. 2 class 23.69 Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

EXAMPLE C Rules to apply 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers EXAMPLE C Rules to apply Preliminary choice about the rules to apply to lead the coding activity Trade-off between: the criterion of the most contribution in terms of turnover (best contribution option) the possibility to consider the specific features of a business (a priori rules option) Example: other amusement and recreation activities The Nace REV. 2 code 93.29 “Other amusement and recreation activities” includes the activities of beaches Specific category (five digits) in the Italian version Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

ACTIVITY OF BEACH SERVICES 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers ACTIVITY OF BEACH SERVICES Results NACE REV. 2 CODE NACE REV. 2 DESCRIPTION FREQ % 56.10 Restaurants and mobile food service activities 396 7.7% 56.30 Beverage serving activities 1,381 26.8% 77.21 Renting and leasing of recreational and sports goods 11 0.2% 93 Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities 28 0.5% 93.11 Operation of sports facilities 8 93.29 Other amusement and recreation activities 3,325 64.6% ALL   5,149 Methodology tout court: a third of the enterprises recoded in other sections of the NACE Nomenclature A priori rules option: bars, restaurants and all the other activities exist only in relation with the activity of beach services Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007

IMPACT EVALUATION Trade-off 20th International Roundtable on Business Survey Frames – Wiesbaden Group on Business Registers IMPACT EVALUATION Trade-off A priori rules option max Heterogeneity Best contribution option Break risks max A committee of experts from Classifications, Business Register, National Accounts, STS and SBS Units is involved in the analyses of the results of the two options to evaluate the impact and decide the best solution for Business Statistics Wiesbaden, 21-26 October 2007