Middle & Southern Colonies USH1

New York – 1664 King Charles II gives New Amsterdam to his brother, Duke of York Sends a fleet to take it from the Dutch Divides colony & gives New Jersey to political allies Religious & political freedom Ethnic diversity – selling land for cheap Originally settled by the Dutch, purchased from the Natives for $24 Ethnic & religious diversity Jews, Catholics, Quakers, Muslims Swedes, French, Portuguese, German Fur Trade w/ Natives

Pennsylvania – 1682 William Penn Proprietary colony Religious haven for Quakers (Society of Friends) & other persecuted religious groups “Holy Experiment”

Pennsylvania – 1682 Religious freedom Diverse (Germans & Scots-Irish) Women have equal rights Peaceful trade w/ Natives; paid for their land Philadelphia becomes the city of brotherly love. Welcoming of all types of people.

Southern Colonies Carolina - 1663 Georgia - 1733 North & South develop differently North – poor farmers from VA; small tobacco farms; less reliance on slaves South – wealthy planation owners; hierarchical society; heavy reliance on slave labor; rice & indigo Charleston becomes a major port city James Oglethorpe Buffer b/t colonies & Spanish FL Debtor’s colony Tolerant of all Christians except Catholics Large plantations & slavery eventually

Chesapeake Colonies Included Virginia & Maryland Maryland – 1634 Proprietorship given to George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) Haven for Roman Catholics Cultivate tobacco Act of Toleration – freedom of religion for Christians (Protects Catholics)

New England Colonies Economy – trading, lumber, small- scale farming & shipbuilding Social – focus on education & religion Political – Mayflower Compact, Fundamental Orders of CT, town halls

Middle Colonies Economy – “breadbasket” – production of wheat, rye, & barley Trade Social – the most diverse “Melting Pot” Religious freedom Political – Frame of Government

Southern Colonies Economy – cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo) Large plantations & small farms Reliance on slaves Social – Class pyramids (Bacon’s Rebellion) Aristocrats  Small farmers  landless whites  slaves Political – House of Burgesses