Europe’s Transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

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Europe’s Transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

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Transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

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Presentation transcript:

Europe’s Transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

deadly plague spread across Europe 1346-52 Caused by form of bacteria 3 forms Lungs, bloodstream, buboes Originated in Mongolia – Silk Road Carried by fleas Trade ships 1st appeared in Genoa or Sicily Ignorant about its cause Tried ineffective cures 1/3 – 2/3 population killed Forced farmers to diversify crops Peasants revolted demanded more freedom Working class moved to cities for better wages Reduced power of feudal lords

French King Charles IV dies 1328 w/o male heir Two men want throne Ed III of England, son-in-law Philip of Valois, nephew French peasant inspired by God to save France Convinced Charles VII to lead army against English 1429 Pushed English out of central Fr. Caught, burned, sainted in 1922. Longbows eliminated benefits of armor Cannons used to blast holes in castles Monarchs used armies recruited from common people People became more patriotic, devoted to monarch not lord Monarchs collected taxes, built huge armies

Towns – centers for trade and shipping Luxury goods – silk, spices, ivory, and porcelain bought in town Guilds dominated social and civil life of towns Guilds reflected importance of Christianity Built Cathedrals Adopted patron saints and sponsored parades Towns grew as society began to be based on commerce. Middle class had most of the power Forced lords to grant charters (outlining of rights) Organized banking system, became wealthy Status determined by wealth and ability Towns were small society was based on farming most lived in countryside. Nobles had most power (lords) Status determined by birthright.

Strong ties with Byzantine and Muslim merchants City-state specialized Milan: metal Florence: banking Venice: Asian goods Maintained thriving wool and silk trade Imported from East and sold for large profits Sold insurance to sea traders Created banks exchanged money or made loans Medici family promoted trade, art, banking, scholarship, civic pride Renaissance, French for “rebirth” revival in arts & learning Renewed interest in Roman and Greek culture Displayed wealth giving $ to artists to create art with classical themes.

Artists used ancient art as models Knowledge of Rome and Greece rediscovered to solve problems Crusades made Europeans eager to learn about the world Artists used ancient art as models Designed buildings reflecting ruins in Rome Devoted to study ancient writings Studied Latin, Greek history and Math Petrarch – 1st great humanist Believed each person could achieve great things Believed educated people could create a better world Emphasized achievement on earth