The Early Experiments To Characterize the Atom

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Presentation transcript:

The Early Experiments To Characterize the Atom

TODAY’S OBJECTIVE?? To learn and familiarize yourself with scientists and experiments that led to development of the model of the atom which we use today

The Early Experiments To Characterize the Atom Read the instructions on the worksheet Work in pairs, BUT complete your own worksheet Search the course website for additional clues (PPTs, videos, animations, pdf files of textbooks) to help you with the questions ASK me questions if you are unsure ENJOY!

The website

The website

THE ELECTRON J.J. Thomson discovered the existence of the first subatomic particle – the electron and its charge - mass ratio e m = -1.76 x 108 C/g But since the atoms were known to be neutral, he suggested that atom is made up of a cloud of positive charge with the negative electrons embedded randomly in it

THE PLUM PUDDING MODEL OF THE ATOM He called his model of the atom: But since the atoms were known to be neutral, he suggested that atom is made up of a cloud of positive charge with the negative electrons embedded randomly in it

THE ELECTRON e = 9.11 x 10-31 kg e = 1 .602 x 10-19 C In 1909, Robert Millikan determined the mass and the charge of the electron e = 9.11 x 10-31 kg e = 1 .602 x 10-19 C

RADIOACTIVITY PLUM PUDDING MODEL OF THE ATOM The French scientist Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium spontaneously emits high-energy radiation. It was called radioactivity. This discovery allowed for testing J.J. Thomson’s PLUM PUDDING MODEL OF THE ATOM

The Nuclear Atom (nucleus) Ernest Rutherford tested PLUM PUDDING MODEL OF THE ATOM

The Nuclear Atom (nucleus) He found out that inside of the atom, there is a dense center of a positive charge – a NUCLEUS This didn’t agree with the Thomson’s model!

The Nuclear Atom (nucleus) He proposed a different model for the atom: Most of the volume of an atom is empty space in which negatively charged electrons move around the dense, positively charged nucleus.

THE MODERN VIEW OF THE ATOM It is composed of electrons, protons and neutrons ELECTRONS: Orbit the nucleus Charge of -1 Very low mass

THE MODERN VIEW OF THE ATOM It is composed of electrons, protons and neutrons Protons: In the nucleus Charge of +1 Much higher mass then electrons

THE MODERN VIEW OF THE ATOM It is composed of electrons, protons and neutrons Neutrons: In the nucleus Charge of 0 Almost identical mass as protons