Unit 01.A Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Lecture An Introduction to Anatomy First Slide – Use this slide as the first slide for each chapter presentation. An Introduction to Anatomy Frederic Martini Michael Timmons Robert Tallitsch

All specific functions are performed by specific structures. Introduction All specific functions are performed by specific structures. Structure, therefore, determines function. This is a sample first topic page.

Microscopic anatomy is limited by the equipment used. Microscopic anatomy (fine anatomy) is defined as structures that can not be seen without magnification. Microscopic anatomy is limited by the equipment used. Light microscope Electron microscope Cytology Histology Use this slide as the template for including an image.

Figure 1.1 The Study of Anatomy at Different Scales Microscopic Anatomy Figure 1.1 The Study of Anatomy at Different Scales

Gross Anatomy Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy) is the study of structures visible to the unaided eye. Surface anatomy refers to the general form, or morphology, and superficial anatomical markings. Regional anatomy considers all structures in a specific area of the body, whether they are superficial or deep. Systemic anatomy is the study of anatomy one organ system at a time. This is a sample first topic page.

Other Perspectives on Anatomy Developmental anatomy: structural changes over time Embryology: first two months of development Comparative anatomy: considers different types of animals Medical anatomy: anatomical changes during disease Radiographic anatomy: noninvasive imaging procedures Surgical anatomy: anatomical landmarks important to surgical procedures This is a sample first topic page.

Levels of Organization Chemicals 12+ elements in the body Four of them make up 99% of the body. Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen Major classes of compounds: Water Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids Use this slide as the template for including an image.

Levels of Organization Use this slide as the template for including an image. Figure 1.3a,b Composition of the Body at the Chemical Level of Organization

Levels of Organization Cells are the smallest living units of the levels of organization. Tissues are many cells and some surrounding material. Organs are combinations of tissues. Organs combine to form organ systems. The human is composed of 11 organ systems. Use this slide as the template for including an image.

Levels of Organization Use this slide as the template for including an image. Figure 1.4 Levels of Organization

Levels of Organization This movie reviews the levels of organization from high to low. PLAY Levels of Organization Use this slide as a template for inserting a movie.

An Introduction to Organ Systems Responsiveness (irritability): change activity based upon a stimulus Adaptability: long-term responsiveness Growth: the increase in size of an organism Differentiation: becoming specialized in function Reproduction: the production of new generations of the same organism Movement: the ability to change the position of something. This is a sample first topic page.

An Introduction to Organ Systems Metabolism is all of the chemical reactions in the body. Anabolism: bonding chemicals together Catabolism: breaking of bonds Absorption is the process of bringing chemicals into the body. Respiration is the absorption, transport, and use of oxygen by cells. Excretion is the removal of wastes. Digestion is the processes of catabolism that makes nutrients small enough to be absorbed. This is a sample first topic page.

The Integumentary System This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.6a The Organ Systems of the Body

Figure 1.6b The Organ Systems of the Body The Skeletal System This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.6b The Organ Systems of the Body

Figure 1.6c The Organ Systems of the Body The Muscular System This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.6c The Organ Systems of the Body

Figure 1.6d The Organ Systems of the Body The Nervous System This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.6d The Organ Systems of the Body

Figure 1.6e The Organ Systems of the Body The Endocrine System This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.6e The Organ Systems of the Body

The Cardiovascular System This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.6f The Organ Systems of the Body

Figure 1.6g The Organ Systems of the Body The Lymphatic System This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.6g The Organ Systems of the Body

The Respiratory System This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.6h The Organ Systems of the Body

Figure 1.6i The Organ Systems of the Body The Digestive System This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.6i The Organ Systems of the Body

Figure 1.6j The Organ Systems of the Body The Urinary System This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.6j The Organ Systems of the Body

The Male Reproductive System This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.6k The Organ Systems of the Body

The Female Reproductive System This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.6l The Organ Systems of the Body

This movie reviews the 11 organ systems. PLAY Organ Systems Use this slide as a template for inserting a movie.

The Language of Anatomy Superficial anatomy: anatomical landmarks and correct directional terms help in understanding the underlying structures. Anatomical landmarks: Anatomical position: standing upright, arms at sides, palms facing forward (little fingers by the thigh), feet flat on the floor, face straight ahead Supine: lying down with the face up Prone: lying down with the face down This is a sample first topic page.

Figure 1.8 Anatomical Landmarks Anatomical Regions This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.8 Anatomical Landmarks

Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.9a Abdominopelvic Quadrants Figure 1.9b Abdominopelvic Regions

Anatomical Directions This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.10 Directional References

Figure 1.11 Planes of Section Sectional Anatomy This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.11 Planes of Section

Serial reconstruction was used to make this CT scan. Sectional Anatomy Serial reconstruction was used to make this CT scan. This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.16a,b Scanning Techniques

The diaphragm separates the ventral body cavity. Body Cavities Organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems are housed in the ventral body cavity. The diaphragm separates the ventral body cavity. The ventral body cavity is protected and lubricated by a two-layer membrane system called serous membranes. This is a sample first topic page.

Figure 1.14a,c Body Cavities This is a sample first topic page. Figure 1.14a,c Body Cavities

Figure 1.13 The Ventral Body Cavity Body Cavities This is a sample first topic page. [Insert fig 1.13] Figure 1.13 The Ventral Body Cavity