Lesson L2 – L5 THE CELL

L2 ~ The Cell Theory The cell is the basic unit of life. All living things are made of one or more cells. All cells come from other living cells.

L4 ~ Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells Just as animals and plants are made up of organs, animal and plant cells are made up of organelles. Plant and animal cells have many organelles in common, but also some that are different.

L5 ~ Parts of Cells & Their Functions

Cell Membrane Appearance - Two thin layers on outside of cell Job - separates the inside of the cell from its surroundings Controls what materials can move in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm Appearance – Jelly like substance Job - surrounds organelles and gives the cell shape Contains water and other life- supporting material

Nucleus Appearance - round and dark, located in the centre of the cell Job - controls activities in the cell and contains genetic material = Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Mitochondria Appearance - Jelly Bean/Kidney Shaped with folds inside Job - Powerhouse of the cell! Produces energy through cellular respiration

Cellular Respiration Cells that need a lot of energy (muscle cells) have a larger number of mitochondria present

Ribosomes Appearance - Small bodies, free floating or attached to the ER (see next slide) Job - make/assemble proteins proteins help our cells and bodies work and live

Endoplasmic Reticulum Appearance - folds of a fan or accordion (found around the nucleus) Job - transport materials through the cell

Golgi Body Appearance - smooth flattened sacs Job - sorts and packs proteins into membrane wrapped pouches called vesicles

Vesicle Appearance - Small membrane sacs Job - carry proteins, nutrients and water in and out of the cell

Vacuole Appearance - Large membrane sacs Job - Temporary Storage compartment for food, water, or waste Much larger in plants than in animals.

Lysosome Appearance – small circular sac with small dots/granules inside Job - Recycles old cells, breaks down food particles and cell wastes Found ONLY in animal cells

The Difference Between Plant and Animal Cells A  One larger, central vacuole B  Cell Wall C  Chloroplasts D  No lysosomes in plant cells

Cell Wall Appearance - A tough rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and gives a rectangular box-like shape to the cell. Job - Protects the cell and provides support.

Chloroplast Apperance - Small green sacs with stacks of smaller discs Job - responsible for photosynthesis This is when plants change light from the sun to chemical energy

What kind of Cell is this? How do you know?

What kind of cell is this? How do you know?

L3 ~ Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells Scientists have divided cells into two distinct groups: Prokaryotic cells – the simplest cells, and their organelles are not surrounded by a membrane. Ex. Bacteria Eukaryotic cells - are more complex, and have organelles surrounded by a membrane. Ex. Plant and Animal Cells.

Bacteria Prokaryotic Cells Smallest and simplest form of life Both harmful and helpful Harmful in tuberculosis, strep throat, salmonella Helpful in your intestines, cheese, yogurt Found in three different shapes:

Viruses Non-living pathogens No organelles Are always disease causing Do not need energy, never grow Do have DNA and Reproduce, but only if they get inside a living cell (“host”) No organelles Are always disease causing Can attack both plant and animal cells Is the cause of diseases like: HIV, Ebola, Common cold, Stomach flu, chicken pox, etc.