The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Microbial Genetics Chapter 8. Structure and Function of Genetic Material w DNA & RNA w DNA deoxyribonucleic acid w RNA ribonucleic acid w Nucleotides.

Advertisements

How Cell Work - Introduction of Molecular Biology.

Topic 7.3 Transcription.

20,000 GENES IN HUMAN GENOME; WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF ALL THESE GENES WERE EXPRESSED IN EVERY CELL IN YOUR BODY? WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THEY WERE EXPRESSED.

Ch 11 – Gene Expression The control of a gene at transcription, translation for even the polypeptide.

Gene Regulation and Expression

Gene Regulation Section 12–5

Lac Operon Gene Regulation in action. What is gene regulation Expressing a gene –Making the protein for the gene Only making a protein when needed The.

THE LAC OPERON TANVI BAGTHARIA I P O Z Y.

Control of Prokaryotic Gene Expression. Prokaryotic Regulation of Genes Regulating Biochemical Pathway for Tryptophan Synthesis. 1.Produce something that.

Differentiation Cell & Molecular Biology. Genetic Control All cells in the body have the same genetic information Not all cells are identical. Cellular.

Regulation of gene expression References: 1.Stryer: “Biochemistry”, 5 th Ed. 2.Hames & Hooper: “Instant Notes in Biochemistry”, 2 nd Ed.

Operons. Big picture Prokaryotic control of genome expression Prokaryotic control of genome expression 2 levels of control 2 levels of control  Change.

Four of the many different types of human cells: They all share the same genome. What makes them different?

Gene Regulation. Levels of Regulation DNA rearrangement –Immune System rearranges DNA Bacteria can change DNA in chromosomes Not as common as other methods.

RNA polymerase σ α 2 ββ’ Core enzyme σ promoter DNA α 2 ββ’ Transcription in Procaryotes.

Gene Regulation Section 12–5

Control of gene expression Unit but different cells have different functions and look and act differently! WHY? Different sets of genes are expressed.

Gene Expression and Regulation

Transcription & Translation Do Now: 1.Get out yesterday’s homework (10-1 review) 2.If a DNA strand has the nucleotide sequence TCC-GAT-AAT, what will the.

Chapter 10: Molecular Biology of Gene Expression Jones and Bartlett Publishers © 2005.

Gene Regulation Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes – the Jacob-Monad Model Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes – the Jacob-Monad Model certain genes are transcribed.

The Lac Operon An operon is a length of DNA, made up of structural genes and control sites. The structural genes code for proteins, such as enzymes.

How Does A Cell Know? Which Gene To Express Which Gene To Express& Which Gene Should Stay Silent? Which Gene Should Stay Silent?

5.5 Control Mechanisms There are approximately genes that exist to code for proteins in humans. – Not all proteins are required at all times. –

Gene Regulation and Expression. Learning Objectives  Describe gene regulation in prokaryotes.  Explain how most eukaryotic genes are regulated.  Relate.

Gene Expression. Remember, every cell in your body contains the exact same DNA… …so why does a muscle cell have different structure and function than.

Gene Expression and Regulation

Prokaryotic cells turn genes on and off by controlling transcription.

Complexities of Gene Expression Cells have regulated, complex systems –Not all genes are expressed in every cell –Many genes are not expressed all of.

Functions of RNA mRNA (messenger)- instructions protein

Protein Synthesis Control Mechanisms. Control Mechansisms the human genome contains about genes that code for proteins housekeeping genes.

We compare DNA to an encyplopedia (DNA =  ) that may not leave the public library. 1. How do you get the information out of the library? 2. Accordingly,

Welcome  In your journal write a paragraph explain what is a gene and what is gene expression?  Notes on Gene Expression Regulation  Quiz over.

Central Dogma Molecular Influences on Genetic Regulation.

Gene Expression & Regulation Chapter 8.6. KEY CONCEPT Gene expression is carefully regulated in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Gene Regulation and Expression Do Now (notes 1.Write this original sequence of DNA bases (this is the template) 2.Use DNA.

Central Dogma （中心法则） Reverse Transcription Adapted from:

Operons In E. coli, all 5 genes that code for the production of the enzymes that make tryptophan (when necessary) are all located together Benefit: A single.

The Lac Operon An inducible operon

Control of Gene Expression

Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION

Goals today: Describe the parts of an operon

Protein Synthesis.

Prokaryotic cells turn genes on and off by controlling transcription.

Prokaryotic cells turn genes on and off by controlling transcription.

Regulation of Gene Expression

Chapter 12.5 Gene Regulation.

The Operon Hypothesis The Operon Hypothesis was developed by 2 researchers: Jacob and Monod It explains how genes are regulated in prokaryotes. They received.

Gene regulation Section Pages

Gene Regulation Section 12–5

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering PBIO 450/550

Daily Warm-Up Dec. 11th -What are the three enzymes involved with replication? What is the function of each? Homework: -Read 13.1 Turn in: -Nothing.

Prokaryotic cells turn genes on and off by controlling transcription.

Gene Regulation certain genes are transcribed all the time – constitutive genes synthesis of some proteins is regulated and are produced only when needed.

Gene control mechanisms may interact with ________.

GENE REGULATION = REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION

Prokaryotic cells turn genes on and off by controlling transcription.

Gene Regulation certain genes are transcribed all the time – constitutive genes synthesis of some proteins is regulated and are produced only when needed.

Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Gene Regulation

Prokaryotic cells turn genes on and off by controlling transcription.

Prokaryotic cells turn genes on and off by controlling transcription.

13.4 Gene regulation 5/16/19 TB page

Gene Regulation A gene (DNA) is expressed when it is made into a functional product (protein/enzyme)

Regulation of Gene Transcription

DNA AND RNA 12-5 Gene Regulation.

Prokaryotic cells turn genes on and off by controlling transcription.

Presentation transcript:

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology REPLICATION

Development of multicellular organisms All body cells are descended from a single fertilized egg cell by DNA replication and mitosis

Totipotency Totipotency has now been demonstrated in adult mammals with the cloning of Dolly the sheep

Patterns of gene expression 35,000 human genes, but only 20,000 are expressed in any one cell type Patterns of gene expression are most frequently regulated at the level of transcription

Gene structure coding sequence promoter terminator

What is required for transcription? ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP RNA polymerase DNA template

The mechanics of transcription Template-dependent Antiparallel Complementary

Regulation of transcription: the lac operon Lactose  Glucose + Galactose

Inhibitors of transcription a-amanitin (Amanita virosa) How long will it take to die?