Biotechnology Part 2 Genetics of Bacteria AP Biology Biotechnology Part 2 Genetics of Bacteria
Bacterial “size”
Prokaryote Structure
Bacterial genome
Theta Replication Replication fork Origin of replication Termination
Transformation
Transduction Phage DNA A+ B+ A+ B+ Donor cell A+ Crossing over A+ A– Recipient cell A+ B– Recombinant cell
. Sex pilus 5 µm
DNA transfer “Conjugation”
Maize Barbara McClintock
Transposon - Basic Insertion sequence 5¢ 3¢ 3¢ 5¢ Inverted repeat Transposase gene Inverted repeat
Transposon -Composite Insertion sequence Antibiotic resistance gene Insertion sequence 5¢ 3¢ 3¢ 5¢ Inverted repeat Transposase gene
Polypeptides that make up enzymes for tryptophan synthesis Operon Regulation trp operon Promoter Promoter Genes of operon DNA trpR trpE trpD trpC trpB trpA Operator Regulatory gene RNA polymerase Start codon Stop codon 3¢ mRNA 5¢ mRNA 5¢ E D C B A Protein Inactive repressor Polypeptides that make up enzymes for tryptophan synthesis Tryptophan absent, repressor inactive, operon on
Operon Repressor DNA No RNA made mRNA Protein Active repressor Tryptophan (corepressor) Tryptophan present, repressor active, operon off
Repressor Regulatory gene Promoter Operator DNA lacl lacZ No RNA made 3¢ mRNA RNA polymerase 5¢ Active repressor Protein Lactose absent, repressor active, operon off
Operon and Inducers lac operon DNA lacl lacZ lacY lacA RNA polymerase 3¢ mRNA mRNA 5¢ 5¢ Permease Transacetylase Protein -Galactosidase Inactive repressor Allolactose (inducer) Lactose present, repressor inactive, operon on