RFID for Elderly Case Study ITS – Norway Intelligent Transport Systems Tromsö, 13-6-2007 20/11/2018

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Security Requirements Autentication Accessibility Availability Integrity Accountability Confidentiality Liability Legal Framework Privacy 20/11/2018

Applied security 20/11/2018

New requirements Safe Effective Patient-centric Just-in-time Efficient Equitable Source: US Institute of Medicine 20/11/2018

RFID-applications in a Czech military hospital ID System Overview Employees’ Data for ID Payment Attendance Control Access Control Restaurant Staff Canteen Devices Vending Machines Wages Vehicles 20/11/2018 Ordering

Technologies Identity Security Tracking Tokens Biometrics Personnel Patients Tracking RFID Supply 20/11/2018

Technology RFID Purpose to enable data - usually on the identity of an object to be transmitted wirelessly using radio waves The RFID tag has a unique serial number which is read remotely by an RFID reader and transferred to a processing device Passive tags – small and inexpensive – 128 bits – external power Active tags – larger, battery powered – store 1 MB data – writable NFC tags – near-field communication – safe two-way interactions via wireless communication limited to literally touching distance 20/11/2018

RFID for Improving Care Daily routine given by caregivers/family – may intervene if not taking medicine Any change in daily routine may indicate the onset of a serious problem Tracking medication and medicine supply Correct drug in correct quantities as prescribed Ensure integrity of drug by not expose to temperature higher than allowed Automate lightning and heating of rooms Elderly may stay at home more safely 6FP: CogKnow 20/11/2018

ID -> people / things RFID for Persons Elderly Access control & authentication Controlling blood transfusions Medication administration & alert Observing implants Option for outpatient self-medication Staff ID -> people / things Barcode -> RFID Quality 20/11/2018

Privacy concerns Collecting and using personally identifiable information for other purposes without knowledge Lack of transparency Abuse of data, captured by anyone Excessive aggregation of data 20/11/2018

Countermeasures Securing RFID data by encryption and by transmission protocols Making the user aware of RFID tags Allow the user to eventually deactivate tags Omitt the current privacy rules and ethical obligations Control by Ombudsman 20/11/2018

Some Figures (2006) The World Health Organization estimates that 10 per cent of drugs are forged 150 persons die in Europe every day due to a hospital acquired infection – mostly spread by not clean hands Average rate of medical errors is estimated to be around 5 percent The market for RFID tags is expected to rise from €90 million to €2.1 billion over the next decade Food industry (Walmart and Tesco) use RFID today for all goods 20/11/2018

Consortium GSF - National Research Center for Environment and Health, Germany Bull - Bull Hungary, Hungary CNR-IBB - National Research Council of Italy, Italy ITS – Intelligent Transport Services, Norway IMA -Institute of Microelectronic Applications, Czech Rep. eHCC – eHealth Competence Center, University of Regensburg, Germany Homepage: http://biohealth.gsf.de 20/11/2018

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