U.s. History Review Part 5 Early Republic

Washington 1st President – Appointed! Farewell Address: Cabinet Precedent Judiciary Act Jay’s Treaty Farewell Address: Neutrality in foreign affairs Decline a 3rd term Beware of political parties

Domestic Affairs Protective Tariffs Tax on all imports to pay off war debts, fully Rapid industrialization – “protect” efforts to set up manufacturing facilities; compete with Britain Taxation Tax on Whiskey Led to Whiskey Rebellion – Western Pennsylvania farmers rebelled against the tax Banking System Nation in debt – Hamilton wants a National Bank Depository for federal $, receive tax $, lend $ and issue paper $ Led to political parties

Formation of Political Parties Differences between the Hamilton plan for raising revenue and the opposition led to the formation of political parties Loose interpretation of the Constitution vs. a strict interpretation

Federalists vs. Antifederalists Hamilton Loose interpretation of Constitution Strong federal government Favored the wealthy Industrial Economy Pro-British Jefferson Strict interpretation of Constitution Self-government Favored the poor farmer Agrarian Economy (farming) Pro-French

John Adams 2nd President XYZ Affair: Undeclared Naval war France vs. U.S. @ sea U.S. agents negotiate a treaty with France They were asked for a 250K bribe by 3 French agents (known as X,Y, and Z) Refused to pay/refused to go to war – negotiated peace Alien and Sedition Acts: Limited rights of aliens Prohibited right to criticize the government Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions – unsuccessful in urging these states to rule the acts unconstitutional

Thomas Jefferson 3rd President Presidential Policies: Reduce Taxes Defense expenditures National debt Louisiana Purchase: Purchased this vast territory from France More than doubled the U.S. (Westward Expansion)

James Madison 4th President War of 1812: Hartford Convention: Great Britain vs. U.S. Jackson - hero of New Orleans Francis Scott Key – “Star-Spangled Banner” Ended in a truce – Treaty of Ghent Debt, but no more English involvement Hartford Convention: New England Federalists who opposed war met to revise the U.S. Constitution, giving states more power Peace treaty put an end to it Led to the end of the Federalist Party

James Monroe 5th President Era of Good Feelings: Monroe Doctrine: Republicans as the political party that unified the nation: Nationalism Industrialism Protective Tariff to protect industry Bank re-chartered Military Expansion Monroe Doctrine: Closest written law for Manifest Destiny European colonization no longer allowed in U.S. and no foreign involvement in Western Hemisphere

2nd Great Awakening Religious movement Led to social activism

Northwest Ordinance What is it? - An act of Congress Why is it important? - Determined how to create new states in the United States