inversely proportional Boyle’s Law (P & V) P ↑ , V ↓ inversely proportional 10 L 5 L 1 atm 2 atm

directly proportional Charles’ Law (V & T) T ↑ , V ↑ directly proportional 30 L 60 L how absolute zero was estimated 0 K 300 K 150 K –273oC

Gay-Lussac’s Law (P & T) T ↑ , P ↑ directly proportional 500 kPa 100 kPa 200 kPa 300 K 600 K

directly proportional Avogadro's Hypothesis T At the same ___ & ___, equal _________ of gas must contain equal _________. P volumes moles (n) (effectively equal number of particles/molecules) All at: P = 1 atm T = 25oC V = 1.0 L O2 He CO2 Avogadro's Law (V & n) n ↑ , V ↑ 2 mol He 1 mol He add gas directly proportional

P ↑ , V ↓ T ↑ , V ↑ T ↑ , P ↑ n ↑ , V ↑ inversely proportional directly proportional T ↑ , V ↑ Safari Montage – Gas Laws T ↑ , P ↑ n ↑ , V ↑

K = oC + 273.15 no KE ↑Temp as ↑KEavg seen before but good to remember average KE (which already considers mass) is directly proportional to temperature ↑Temp as ↑KEavg 373 K 273 K K = oC + 273.15 no KE 0 K absolute zero –273oC.15 –459.67oF

T ↑ , P ↑ P ↑ , V ↓ T ↑ , V ↑ Quick Quiz! 1) A balloon becomes slightly smaller when moved from a mountaintop to the seashore. Which gas law explains this behavior? Gay- Lussac’s law B) Boyle’s law C) Charles’s law D) Brock’s law T ↑ , P ↑ P ↑ , V ↓ T ↑ , V ↑ Work from bell to bell! 7

T ↑ , V ↑ Quick Quiz. 2) If the temperature of a gas in a flexible container is doubled, the volume will be… A) halved. B) doubled. C) the same. D) stupid anyway. T ↑ , V ↑ 8

Quick Quiz. 3) If the pressure of a gas in a flexible container is halved, the volume will be… A) halved. B) doubled. C) the same. D) squirrel! P ↑ , V ↓ OR P ↓ , V ↑ 9