CHAPTER 7 Distance Education By SRIKANTH BANDARU

Contents: Distance education Distance education Roles Instructional-communication Functions Broadcast video Audio teleconference Audio graphic Teleconference Television in Distance Education Online Technologies

Distance Education definition: Learning via telecommunications Organized instructional program. Telecommunication media. Two-Way communication. Distance Education

Effects in different stages of education system due to advancement in technology. Elementary Education More often uses pre recorded videocassettes than live broadcast.  Secondary Education  Television is used mainly. They provide instruction.

Cont.. Post secondary Education Telecommunications systems are used extensively for both on-campus and off-campus education. One instructor can teach a single course to many students. Ex: Closed –circuit television

Cont.. Informal Education Telecommunication plays a major role in informal education. It is economical. It plays major for training there employees in Hospitals, government agencies, multinational corporations etc.

Distance Education Roles: Student Role Meeting the instructional needs of students is the cornerstone of every effective distance education program, and the test by which all efforts in the field are judged. Get engaged in their learning.

Distance Education Roles: Student Roles Must know how to use the technology, to communicate with professor and fellow students. Understand the communicate etiquette. Interrupt the instruction if sufficient time is not given to all the sites.

Teacher Role Provide additional quizzes and worksheets Watch and participate actively in all programs with the students. Encourage interaction with the teacher and other students. Answer questions at the site. Solve immediate problems.

Role of Technology Visual used in the instruction plays a major role. Document camera is an important teaching tool in showing visuals and demonstrating specific tasks to students. Scanned images, digitals photos will show the exact picture.

Instructional communication system Information presentation:  A standard element where the information of the lesson should be presented to the learner. Examples:-  Printed text, power point slides, Full motion images  

Student-teacher interaction: Active participation of the learner will enhance learning Various ways to induce activity  Question and answer session Practice with feedback

Student-Student Interaction Discussion groups (in or out of class) Structured group activities Group projects Peer tutoring

Access to learning resources Printed Materials Audio Visual Materials Computer Databases

broadcast radio: It is basically a format for one way lectures or dramatic presentations. Interactivity is provided by using printed materials accompanying the programs.

BROADCAST RADIO Phone number is provided for the students to respond back to the instructor.

Advantages Cost-It is very economy to use radio as broadcast medium. Range-A single message can be reached through programs to large population.

ADVANTAGES Flexible-This medium is very effective, powerful good effect for conveying music and storytelling. Imagination stimulator-learners will use their imagination for creating image since it is only audio medium.

LIMITATIONS:  Schedule-To be included Operation expense Integration

Audio Teleconference It is a two way conversation through telephone lines and satellites. Connects people at different locations.  

ADVANTAGES: Cost effective Easy to use: It can be easily accessible by everyone. Interactive: Everyone will receive the same message; can talk to the instructor and fellow students.

Limitations Lack of visual information Poor audio Intimidating:  lack of experience with this type of communication technology may make some learners less willing to participate.

Integrating:  This system is used in secondary and post secondary grade students use this to connect students at two or more sites. It is very common practice in corporate and professional education for training.

Audio Graphic Teleconference Definition: It is the addition of still picture to audio teleconference. Using special devices pictures and graphics are sent over the telephone line in the form of voice signal.

AUDIOGRAPHIC TELECONFERENCE Advantages: Visual: Visual elements are added compared to the audio teleconference. Cost: audio graphics provide audiovisual at less cost compared to television. Limitations: Availability: Technology is not available. Time factor  

Television in distance education: One-Way Video, One-Way Audio: One Way television-Programs are transmitted to students without an interactive connection with the teacher. Types of Delivery system: Broadcast Satellite Microwave Closed-Circuit Cable or fiber optics

BROADCAST TRANSMISSION: Transmission of powerful electromagnetic waves through air. Waves are transmitted using high and ultra-high frequencies. Most public television stations serve as outlets for the network programming of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS).

Roles of Instructional Television (ITV): To assist the teachers in classrooms who face difficulty in art, science, music etc. To Substitute the classroom instruction in cases such as having limited resources, provide full examination of the subject.

Satellite Transmission: Satellite communication refers to an orbiting device in space that receives signals from stations on earth and retransmits them to different locations. Geosynchronous Satellites:  Satellites synchronized with earth rotation. These are used now a day. The coverage area includes nearly half of the earth surface.

Microwave Transmission: Signals are broadcasted above 2000 MHz License is required to broadcast signal in this medium.   Instructional television fixed service (ITFS): The frequency from 2500-2690 MHz is reserved for education purpose. ITFS is used for graduate and professional school education.

Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV): Camera connected to a monitor in the same room or thorough out the campus wired distribution system. Private distribution system connected with wire. Signals cannot be reached outside the private network.

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