Clinical Nutrition Experimental Jussara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation modulates UCP-1 and inflammation biomarkers induced by trans-fatty acids in the brown adipose tissue of offspring  Perla Pizzi Argentato, Carina Almeida Morais, Aline Boveto Santamarina, Helena de Cássia César, Débora Estadella, Veridiana Vera de Rosso, Luciana Pellegrini Pisani  Clinical Nutrition Experimental  Volume 12, Pages 50-65 (April 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2016.12.002 Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 (A) Body weight, (B) Length of the animal, (C) Body weight gain, (D) Total weight gain in 21-day-old offspring. C: offspring of dams fed control diet; CJ: offspring of dams fed control diet supplemented with 0.5% freeze-dried jussara powder; T: offspring of dams fed diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat, TFAs; TJ: offspring of dams fed diet enriched with TFAs supplemented with 0.5% freeze-dried jussara powder. The number in parentheses refers to the sample size. *p < 0.05 versus C. $p < 0.05 versus CJ. #p < 0.05 versus T. &p < 0.05 versus TJ. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2017 12, 50-65DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 (A) Carcass lipid, (B) Protein content, and (C) Lipid/Protein ratio in 21-day-old offspring. C: offspring of dams fed control diet; CJ: offspring of dams fed control diet supplemented with 0.5% freeze-dried jussara powder; T: offspring of dams fed diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat, TFAs; TJ: offspring of dams fed diet enriched with TFAs supplemented with 0.5% freeze-dried jussara powder. The number in parentheses refers to the sample size. *p < 0.05 versus C. $p < 0.05 versus CJ. #p < 0.05 versus T. &p < 0.05 versus TJ. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2017 12, 50-65DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 (A) IL-6 protein expression, (B) IL-10, (C) TNF-α, and (D) IL-10/TNF-α ratio in 21-day-old offspring at the brown adipose tissue. C: offspring of dams fed control diet; CJ: offspring of dams fed control diet supplemented with 0.5% freeze-dried jussara powder; T: offspring of dams fed diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat, TFAs; TJ: offspring of dams fed diet enriched with TFAs supplemented with 0.5% freeze-dried jussara powder. The number in parentheses refers to the sample size. *p < 0.05 versus C. $p < 0.05 versus CJ. #p < 0.05 versus T. &p < 0.05 versus TJ. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2017 12, 50-65DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 (A) UCP-1 protein expression in brown adipose tissue, (B) Protein expression of the phosphorylated form p-NFκBp50 in brown adipose tissue and (C) TNFR1 protein expression in brown adipose tissue. C: offspring of dams fed control diet; CJ: offspring of dams fed control diet supplemented with 0.5% freeze-dried jussara powder; T: offspring of dams fed diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat, TFAs; TJ: offspring of dams fed diet enriched with TFAs supplemented with 0.5% freeze-dried jussara powder. The number in parentheses refers to the sample value (Fig. 4A: T and TJ group presented one outlier sample). Data are means±SEMs. Results are expressed in arbitrary units, stipulating 100 as the control value. *p < 0.05 versus C. $p < 0.05 versus CJ. #p < 0.05 versus T. &p < 0.05 versus TJ. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2017 12, 50-65DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 TFAs diet in combination with jussara 0.5% freeze-dried powder in the BAT of 21-day-old offspring. (Fatty acids and cianidinas – from FreeDigitalPhotos.net). Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2017 12, 50-65DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions