* 07/16/96 History Education *

Primary & Secondary Sources * 07/16/96 Primary & Secondary Sources *

A Powerful Story, Told in a Powerful Manner Scars of a whipped slave named Peter, Louisiana, 1863. In his own words, "Overseer Artayou Carrier whipped me. I was two months in bed sore from the whipping. My master come after I was whipped; he discharged the overseer." "A Man Was Lynched Yesterday" flag flying from the offices of the NAACP, New York City 1938 accessed from the Library of Congress. According to the Constitutional Rights Foundation, between 1882 and 1968, mobs lynched 4,743 persons in the United States, over 70 percent of them African-Americans. Lynching peaked after the end of Reconstruction when federal troops were removed from the South. In 1892, vigilantes lynched 71 whites and 155 blacks. After that the number of lynchings decreased nationwide, but increasingly, lynching became a crime of the South. By the late 1920s, 95 percent of U.S. lynchings occurred in the South. The white mobs who lynched African-American men often justified their actions as a defense of "white womanhood;" the usual reason given for lynching black men was that they had raped white women. But early on, journalists like Ida B. Wells (1862-1931) saw through this sham and proclaimed that the lynch mobs' real motive was the determination to keep African-American men economically depressed and politically disenfranchised. Ida B.Wells (a.k.a. Ida Wells-Barnett) headed the Anti-Lynching League and was a member of the Committee of Forty which led to the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. A Powerful Story, Told in a Powerful Manner

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* THE PAST 24 HOURS 07/16/96 All of your actions and thoughts in the past 24 hours Your actions and thoughts observed by someone Your actions and thoughts that were observed, remembered,& recorded Your actions and thoughts observed & remembered Your actions and thoughts for which we have surviving records Available/ usable/believable records of your actions and thoughts The “Account” of your actions and/or thoughts *

* HISTORY 07/16/96 The Past – All Actions and Thoughts by All Individuals in All Times & Places 1. Events Observed by Someone 3. Events Observed, Remembered, & Recorded 2. Events Observed & Remembered 4. Events for which We Have Surviving Records 5. Available, Usable, & Believable Records for a Given Historical Account The “Account” *