Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis 9 Biology

Equations:

Photosynthesis Anabolic process ( small to big) Goal: to produce glucose for the plant using light energy (photons) from the sun: Light energy(photons) chemical energy Needs: Chlorophyll- pigment molecule that absorbs light energy( photons), water, carbon dioxide Where: the chloroplast

The Chloroplast

Light Dependent Reaction: Reaction center in thylakoid membrane contains chlorophyll which absorbs photons energizes electrons Energized electrons hop down the membrane creating energy to create ATP using the electron transport chain. Where: Thylakoids of chloroplast

Light Dependent Reaction:

Electron Transport Chain: Chemiosmosis- moving H+ to create a concentration gradient Concentration gradient causes H+ to move from high concentration to low concentration When H+ moves through ATP synthase, ATP is created. The H+ (proton) supplies the energy to add a phosphate to ADPATP Where: inner membrane of cristae of mitochondria, thylakoid membrane

Electron Transport Chain:

Goal of Light Dependent Reaction: Uses light energy (photons) to move electrons and protons to generate ATP. Use H+ transfer molecules to generate ATP. (NADP+, NADPH) ATP is needed for the NEXT process: The Calvin Cycle

The Calvin Cycle: Light Independent: occurs with or without sunlight Goal: make glucose for plant Stored as sugar or starch Each turn of the cycle adds a carbon to a growing chain glucose (6 C sugar) 6 turns of the Calvin Cycle makes 1 molecule of glucose Where: Stroma of chloroplast

Light Independent Reaction:

Aerobic Cellular Respiration: With oxygen Catabolic process (big to small) Goal: Take chemical energy from food to make ATP for metabolic needs Three Parts: 1. Glycolysis 2. Kreb’s Cycle 2. Aerobic respiration- ETC Where: the mitochondria

Anaerobic Respiration Pathways: No Oxygen Alcoholic fermentation Yeast Products are carbon dioxide and ethanol(alcohol) Lactic Acid Fermentation: Can occur in humans for short time when oxygen is depleted Converts pyruvate to lactic acid and back again Causes sore muscles

The Mitochondria

STEP 1: Glycolysis Goal: splitting 1 molecule of glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules Releases: carbon dioxide Where: Cytoplasm of cell Generates: 2 ATP

STEP 2: Kreb’s Cycle Pyruvate molecules are modified to enter Kreb’s Cycle Goal: Generate H+ and electrons for ETC using molecules: NADH, FADH2 Releases: Carbon dioxide Where: Matrix of mitochondria

Kreb’s Cycle

STEP 3: Electron Transport Chain

Goal of Electron Transport Chain: Generate ATP(energy) for body processes: 36 ATP Generates water Most efficient ATP generation step Only step in Cellular Respiration that uses oxygen Where: Inner membrane of cristae of mitochondria

Explain both equations using what you have learned: