6.2 | And the Struggle of the Orders Roman Society 6.2 | And the Struggle of the Orders

Getting a Feel for Rome Seven hills (Capitoline and Palatine) Defense and residence Swamps in between Drained over time Forums became meeting places in between residential areas Roads to connect cities and colonies Colonies inhabited by “Roman” colonists

Rome from 753 – 500 BC Greeks Not too impressive

The Romans Romans families had a strong sense of ancestry Families were, essentially, clans Those families that could show their ancestry were typically More wealthy More prominent Death Masks Families were also patriarchal Paterfamilias

Patricians and Plebeians Wealthy, prominent, privileged Romans Plebeians Ancestry sketchy, immigrants, less wealthy The Early Roman Republic Aristocrats Laborers

Roman Real estate For the budget buyer For the wealthy buyer Insulae Apartment blocks Varying styles For the wealthy buyer Villas Comfortable estates outside the city Quiet and cozy For the exceptionally rich buyer Latifundia Large estates with tons of land and full of slaves Coming soon

So As Rome, or today What is the “job” of a government? How is a government supposed to act?

Accountability How do we know if the government is doing its “job”? What if it is not?

The Other Half The Governed

The Governed What is the “job” of the governed? What are the governed supposed to do?

Making the Connection What is the relationship between the governed and the governing?

The Struggle of the Orders 494-287 B.C. When did the Republic begin? So in 15 years, the divisions became pretty obvious How do unions today work?

The Divide The plebeian class Was barred from the senate Was poor Subject to harsh debt laws Fought Rome’s wars

Rome needed its soldiers Roman Expansion Against the Italians Rome needed its soldiers

Plebeians Walk Out In a time of crisis (invasion), the plebeian soldiers refused to fight The plebeians would leave Rome and set up camp outside the city (Aventine Hill) Wait for terms There would be 3 secessions

The Secessions The First Secession The Second Secession Patricians free some debts and grant the office of the Tribune of the Plebs – veto, courts, sacrosanct The Second Secession Plebs force patricians to adopt the Twelve Tables A set of laws – rights, equality, justice The Third Secession Patricians adopt “Lex Hortensia” 287 B.C. Quintus Hortensius

New Social Divisions The “New” Patricians The “New” Plebeians (Plebs) Wealthy patrician and plebeian families The “New” Plebeians (Plebs) The rest of the population, the lower class