CELLULAR RESPIRATION Essential Question: How does the mitochondria break down glucose and convert it into energy the cell can use (ATP)? http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg

In the last chapter green plants used ________________ to http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif AUTOTROPHS ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food In the last chapter green plants used ________________ to trap energy from __________ and make ______________ PHOTOSYNTHESIS sunlight food (glucose) http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20sun%20with%20sunglasses.gif

Cellular Respiration Recall…Energy stored in glucose cannot be used by the cell Cellular Respiration converts glucose into ATP

What kind of organisms do this? animals plants bacteria fungi ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ATP!

PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION Quick Overview Video PHOTOSYNTHESIS ___________ + _________ + ___________ →_______________ + __________ 6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6O2 CELLULAR RESPIRATION C6H12O6 6 CO2 _____________ + _________ →________ + __________ + __________ 6O2 6 H2O The two equations are exact opposites!

energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________ This process of releasing the energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________ ATP CELLULAR RESPIRATION  Image by Riedell Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe  

Cellular Respiration takes place in the mitchondria

3 steps for Cellular Respiration 1) Glycolysis 2) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) 3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

1) Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm 2ATPs are used to split glucose is in half into 2 pyruvic acids & some ENERGY is released. NADH is produced (Shuttled directly to Electron Transport Chain) 4 ATP are produced, but need 2 to get process started = 2 NET ATP

Using the diagram, walk your partner through the steps of glycolysis Turn to a Partner Using the diagram, walk your partner through the steps of glycolysis What are the products of glycolysis? (3)

Where Pyruvic Acid goes depends on whether or not oxygen is present NO Oxygen Present Oxygen Present Stays in cytoplasm: Fermentation Travels to mitochondria: Aerobic Respiration

The 2 NADH produced in glycolysis are shuttled directly over to the Electron Transport Chain

2) Krebs Cycle (AKA Citric Acid Cycle) Oxygen MUST be present Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix (interior space of mitochondria).

2) Krebs Cycle 1. Pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria and is converted to citric acid. Citric acid enters the Krebs Cycle Mitochondria Citric Acid

2) Krebs Cycle 2. Energy molecules (NADH and FADH2) are produced to carry electrons to the electron transport chain.

2) Krebs Cycle 3. CO2 is released as waste; breathed out when you exhale 2 ATPs are produced during the Kreb’s Cycle

NADH & FADH2 Continue to the Electron Transport Chain

Turn to a Partner What are the products of the Krebs Cycle? (4) Using the diagram, walk your partner through the steps of the Krebs cycle What are the products of the Krebs Cycle? (4) Which continue to the electron transport chain? # of ATPs produced?

3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Occurs in the cristae (inner folds of the mitochondria)

3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) 1. NADH & FADH2 enter the cristae.

3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) 2. They lose their hydrogens (H+) and electrons (e-) are shuttled through the ETC.

3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) 3. Electrons are accepted by oxygen and combines with H+, forming water that is released into the cell Released

3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) 4. H+ builds up inside the cristae and is passed through transport protein (ATP synthase) adding ADP and P to form ATP.

ETC continued… ETC Produce 32 - 34 ATP NOTE: 2 ATP are used by transport proteins to move NADH from glycolysis into the ETC. This results in a Net Gain of 32 ATP from the ETC.

Turn to a Partner…Explain the ETC What are the products of the ETC? (2)

Cellular Respiration Recap

What is the total # ATP from 1 molecule of glucose during cellular respiration? 36 ATP from Aerobic Respiration (=with Oxygen) 38% of total energy in glucose is held in the bonds of ATP produced 62% released as heat

Word Bank: H2O NADH & FADH2 Krebs Cycle 2 Glucose Pyruvic Acid O2 ETC Mitochondria NADH & FADH2 Krebs Cycle 2 Glucose Pyruvic Acid O2 ETC Cristae Glycolysis 32 Matrix Cytoplasm NADH Reactant? Product? Product? Reactant?

What happens if cells do not receive enough oxygen?

Cornell Summary