DNA transcribes RNA RNA translates to protein

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DNA Transcription & Protein Translation

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DNA transcribes RNA RNA translates to protein Protein Translation DNA transcribes RNA RNA translates to protein

Today’s Objectives Investigate and understand common mechanisms of protein synthesis.

Transcription DNA must be copied to messenger RNA (mRNA) mRNA goes from nucleus to the ribosomes in cytoplasm mRNA complements known as codons Only 3 nucleotide “letters” long Remember RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)! Interactive Animation, CLICK HERE! Genetic Science Learning Transcription

Transcription Reminders The template strand is the DNA strand being copied Transcription Reminders

Modified genetic code is “translated” into proteins Codon code is specific, but redundant! 20 amino acids CLICK HERE! Interactive Concepts in Biochemistry Protein Translation

tRNA structure 3-base code (triplet) is an “anticodon” Protein molecule Attached amino acid that is carried from cytoplasm to ribosomes tRNA structure

Protein Synthesis Overview CLICK HERE! Thomson Brooks/Cole 1. The DNA unzips 2.The mRNA reads the code off the DNA; transcription 3.mRNA moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm and attaches to the ribosome 4. Start: Ribosome binds to mRNA at start codon (AUG) 5. Elongation: tRNA complexes bind to mRNA codon by forming complementary base pairs with the tRNA anticodon The ribosome moves from codon to codon along the mRNA. Amino acids are added one by one 6. Release: release factor binds to the stop codon