Behaviorism: After the Founding

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Presentation transcript:

Behaviorism: After the Founding

Breland and Breland IQ Zoo

Operationism Operationism—the view that the meaning of every scientific term must be specifiable by identifying a definite testing operation that provides a criterion for its application             main goal of operationism: to ensure the objective testability of all scientific statements

Edward Chace Tolman (1886-1959) Purposive Behaviorism Intervening variables

Reinforcement has little influence on learning “I don’t like rats. They make me feel creepy.”

Clark Leonard Hull (1884-1952) Watson is too naïve. His behaviorism is too simple and crude. Hull believed in explaining behavior in mechanistic terms Hypothetico-deductive method drives

Drives A state of bodily need, when you deviate from normal biological conditions Primary drives Secondary drives

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) Differed from Hull’s in that there was no theory testing Empty organism approach Operant conditioning Law of acquisition Schedules of reinforcement

Aircrib, teaching machines, and pigeons Daughter Debbie had an aircrib

Instinctive Drift Reverting back to behaviors that take precedence over learned ones.

Albert Bandura (1925-) vicarious reinforcement-learning can occur by observing the behavior of others rather than directly experiencing reinforcement

Julian Rotter Locus of control-perceived source of reinforcement

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