Evolution of First Life

Archaebacteria Thrives in harsh conditions Sea vents and hot springs Chemosynthesis instead of photosynthesis Sea vents and hot springs Snottites

Cyanobacteria and Stromatolites Sun can get through to the surface of the Earth—but there is no ozone layer, no protection. First photosynthetic bacteria Prokaryotes Simple organisms Earth is also cooling

Oxygenation of the Oceans and Air Cyanobacteria and stromatolites helped oxygenate the oceans and the air Oxygenated the oceans first Went from olive green to blue Rusting of the oceans, turned red Next, atmosphere was oxygenated Rusting of the land, land turned red As the atmosphere was oxygenating the ozone was also forming

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Primitive Bacteria Simple Small Advanced Plants and animals Complex Larger

Endosymbiosis

Eukaryotes Nucleus DNA Cytoplasm Mitochondria Ribosomes RER Vacuole Lysosome Cell wall Cell membrane

Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Mitochondria in animals and Plants Chloroplasts in plants only! Both have a double membrane—remnants from their Endocytosis beginning. Both have their own DNA—which is similar to the DNA in heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria.

Mitochondria C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O = CO2 + H2O Needs oxygen for cellular respiration so that they can break the larger molecule of sugar and get more energy Without oxygen, the cell will Only be able to ferment which Doesn’t provide enough energy.

Chloroplasts CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2 Uses the carbon dioxide that we breath out to make sugar for energy. Produces the oxygen needed for eukaryotes to survive.