Volume 379, Issue 9824, Pages (April 2012)

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Volume 379, Issue 9824, Pages 1419-1427 (April 2012) Effect on the incidence of pneumonia of vitamin D supplementation by quarterly bolus dose to infants in Kabul: a randomised controlled superiority trial Dr Semira Manaseki-Holland, FRCP, Zabihullah Maroof, PhD, Jane Bruce, MSc, M Zulf Mughal, FRCP, Prof Mohammad Isaq Masher, MD, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, FRCP, Gijs Walraven, PhD, Prof Daniel Chandramohan, PhD The Lancet Volume 379, Issue 9824, Pages 1419-1427 (April 2012) DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61650-4 Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Trial profile *One case was a severely malnourished child and another had received high-dose vitamin D within the past 3 months. †Did not want to be enrolled in the project for reasons such as did not want to go to Maiwand hospital, did not want the fieldworkers to come to their house, and other with no clear reasons. ‡The syringe with code number of 2706 was given to the child with study number of 2707, with 1070 to 1084, and with 2393 to 2939. §The syringe with code number of 1418 was given to the child with study number of 1814 and with 2335 to 2235. ¶The syringe with code number of 2215 was given to the child with study number of 2224. The Lancet 2012 379, 1419-1427DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61650-4) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Proportion of children with a first episode of pneumonia over time The Lancet 2012 379, 1419-1427DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61650-4) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Boxplot of serum calcifediol concentration Vertical lines represent the time of supplementation, and each placebo and vitamin D pair represent a sampling time. Boxes are medians with IQRs. Circles represent outliers. For November and December, 2008, p<0·001; for February, 2008, p=0·058; for May, 2008, p<0·001; and for July, 2009, p>1·0. One child in the vitamin D group in January, 2008, and one in May, 2008, had serum concentrations greater than 375 nmol/L (not shown). The Lancet 2012 379, 1419-1427DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61650-4) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions