Special Senses: The Function of the Eye Homeostatic Imbalances

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Presentation transcript:

Special Senses: The Function of the Eye Homeostatic Imbalances

Pathway of Light Through the Eye Light must be focused to a point on the retina for optimal vision The eye is set for distance vision (over 20 feet away) Accommodation—the lens must change shape to focus on closer objects (less than 20 feet away)

Pathway of Light Through the Eye Image formed on the retina is a real image Real images are Reversed from left to right Upside down Smaller than the object

Visual Fields and Visual Pathways(11) Optic chiasma Location where the optic nerves cross Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain Optic tracts Contain fibers from the lateral side of the eye on the same side and the medial side of the opposite eye

Eye Reflexes Internal muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system(6) Bright light causes pupils to constrict through action of radial, circular, and ciliary muscles Viewing close objects causes accommodation and convergence(eyes moving medially) External muscles control eye movement to follow objects

A Closer Look(7) Emmetropia—eye focuses images correctly on the retina Myopia (nearsighted) Distant objects appear blurry Light from those objects fails to reach the retina and are focused in front of it Results from an eyeball that is too long Hyperopia (farsighted) Near objects are blurry while distant objects are clear Distant objects are focused behind the retina Results from an eyeball that is too short or from a “lazy lens”, changes due to age Astigmatism Images are blurry Results from light focusing as lines, not points, on the retina due to unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens

Ophthalmoscope Instrument used to illuminate the interior of the eyeball Can detect diabetes, arteriosclerosis, degeneration of the optic nerve and retina

Homeostatic Imbalances of the Eyes Night blindness—inhibited rod function that hinders the ability to see at night Color blindness—genetic conditions that result in the inability to see certain colors Due to the lack of one type of cone (partial color blindness) Cataracts—when lens becomes hard and opaque, our vision becomes hazy and distorted

Homeostatic Imbalances of the Eyes Glaucoma—can cause blindness due to increasing pressure within the eye Hemianopia—loss of the same side of the visual field of both eyes; results from damage to the visual cortex on one side only

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