Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures Single-celled organisms (unicellular), Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

“Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

Cell Parts aka Organelles

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane The outer membrane Flexible Job: * Controls movement of materials into and out of the cell * SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE --> Double layer (heads & tails) http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cell Wall Supports & protects plant cell Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Stiff, more rigid than cell membrane Job: Supports & protects plant cell Allows material in & out

Inside the Cell

Nucleus Job: Directs/manages cell activities The “brain” of the cell Contains genetic material - DNA

Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Has nuclear pores - openings that allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chromosomes Inside the nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics ★ Humans have 23 pair = 46 total http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nucleolus Inside the nucleus Contains the RNA used to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cytoplasm Clear gel-like fluid that fills the cell & surrounds the organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Series of tubular passageways Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Tiny grain-like structures “Protein factories” - site of protein assembly http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates The “powerhouse” of the cell Where respiration takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Golgi Bodies Protein “packaging plant” Modifies and sends proteins to other parts of the cell Also called golgi complex or golgi apparatus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Lysosome Digestive organelle for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Breaks down wastes and unwanted or “broken” cell material The “garbage disposal” of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vacuoles Used for storage ★ Stores: -->wastes -->water -->nutrients Helps plant cells maintain shape Is MUCH larger in plants cells. Why? http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chloroplast Found in plant cells Contains chlorophyll - pigment in plant cells Where photosynthesis takes place *Grana *Stroma *Thylakoids http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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