Bell Ringer Draw a person. This should be on a full sheet of paper and clear enough to show the class

Lesson Objective Learn about the anatomy of other aquatic species. Why? By learning about the anatomy of other species you will be able to compare their survival needs as well as how to identify them.

Terminology Morphology: Anatomy: Physiology:

Terminology Morphology: the branch of biology dealing with the form and structure of organisms. Anatomy: the structure of an animal or plant, or of any of its parts Physiology: the branch of biology dealing with the functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, including all physical and chemical processes.

The suitability of an aquatic organism for culture depends on its form and functions. EXAMPLE: The type of mouth and its location determine how organisms feed and what they eat Fish with small, upturned mouths generally are herbivores and/or surface feeders (like tilapia) Fish with downturned mouths are generally bottom feeders (like catfish) EXAMPLE: External body structure must be considered in selecting a species for culture in a water facility Fish with single-lobed tail fins are slow swimmers and can survive well in water that is free of much movement Fish with forked tail fins are fast swimmers and prefer flowing water

Crustaceans Aquatic animals that have an exoskeleton (outside skeleton) made of chitinous material (like your fingernail) Shrimp, crabs, lobsters, crawfish and prawns AKA decapods

Crustaceans As they grow the shell is cast off in the process called molting With no shell known as softshell species like crawfish Usually regrow in a day

Crustaceans Have three sections: head, thorax and abdomen Each segment has a pair of appendages The head has two pair of antennae Can re-grow limbs that have broken off Known as regeneration To produce crab legs, one claw is removed and the crab is returned to the water to grow another

Crustaceans Decapods have simple blood, nervous and excretory systems Complex life cycle Larval stage is most difficult to culture Dietary requirements change as they pass through life stages Juvenile and adult stages are essentially benthic (bottom dwelling) organisms

Mollusks Most common: oysters and clams in the U.S. and mussels in Europe Bivalve mollusks have two shells composed of two parts that can be closed to completely enclose the animal The shell is made of calcareous material (like limestone) and forms an exoskeleton

Mollusks As adults, oysters and mussels anchor themselves to objects in the water Since anchored feed by filtering organic matter from water through a complex system dependent on the use of cilia Have simple digestive, circulatory and nervous systems Gills not only act as respiratory system, but filter matter from the water that is consumed or discharged

Mollusks Reproduce with eggs and sperms Eggs typically released into the water and fertilized by water-borne sperm Bivalves are protandrous (change their sex one or more times during their lives) Some are hermaphroditic like scallops

Algae Forms range from minute cells of a few micrometers to large seaweeds several meters tall Some have motility (capable of movement) Cellular plants growing as single cells or aggregations of single cells.

Algae Some are cultivated Used for food and livestock feed Most grown in Asia High in productivity and food value Some species are higher in food value than other plants Rapid expansion of algae culture is occurring

Macroalgae Large forms Attach to substrate (underlying foundation of some type) Function similarly to plants with stems Photosynthesis occurs in the blade or thallus (plant without distinct leaves, stems and roots) Major groups that are cultivated: Red algae Green algae Brown algae

Microalgae Small forms Very important as food of larval fish, crustaceans, and mollusks Considerable variation in morphology among species Three most important: Green-pigmented algae Blue-green algae Golden algae

What are some of the similarities? What are some of the differences?