Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade

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Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade

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Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade

Mainland States 1500- Southeast Asia relatively stable region Kingdoms- ethnic, linguistic and cultural characteristics- the rise in these kingdoms after 1500 led to conflict- Thai vs. Burmese (lasted until 1767) Vietnamese- 1500 had subdued people’s to the border of the Malaysian peninsula- however by 1800 the Vietnam Monarchy (Khmer Monarchy) had disappeared Muslin merchants were the most influential foreign agents in Southeast Asia- Islamic Trade networks

Arrival of Europeans 1511 Portugal seized Melaka (city on the Malay Peninsula)- this area was known to Europeans as the Spice Islands The arrival of the English and the Dutch shifted the power and influence- both were better financed than Portugal- shift begins in 1600 Similar to the African sphere, mainland Southeast Asia was minimally impacted by the Europeans- Many of the mainland states (versus the Peninsula states) were able to unite and drive out any European movement in the mainland Europeans did take sides in the internal conflicts of the mainland states- Vietnam was split- North and South

Arrival of Europeans By late 1600- the economic opportunities the Europeans were hungry for were limited- most posts were abandoned anywhere but the coasts and only missionaries were left behind but any conversion to Catholicism was met with harsh results Peninsula and Coastal political unites were not equipped to hold back the Europeans nor did they ant to, it was economically beneficial

Religious and Political Systems Religious beliefs changed dramatically from 1500-1800- particularly non-mainland Christianity, Buddhism and traditional beliefs were interwoven Southeast Asia evolved into 4 unique styles of monarchy- Buddhist Kings, Javanese Kings, Islamic Sultans, and Vietnamese (Confucius) Emperors