Soil review Complexity of soils Intensity and capacity concepts

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Presentation transcript:

Soil review Complexity of soils Intensity and capacity concepts Weathering Florida soils Collected from over a dozen books

Fig. 2.1 Equilibrium redox relationships of aqueous systems. The inscribed area is representative of most soils pH 5 CrVI CrIII MnIII MnII FeIII FeII CuII CuI HgII HgI MnIV pH 8 Pe = 16.9 E In soils, Cr occurs predominately in the +3 and +6 oxidation states. HW: figure out the dominant redox species of these elements in typical soils. Kinetics, intensity and capacity pH: 4 to 9 pe: -4 to 12 Eh: -0.3 to 0.7 v Lindsay (1979)

http://sce.uhcl.edu/zhang/3431_04S/07_Redox.ppt

Soil review Complexity of soils Intensity and capacity concepts Weathering Florida soils Collected from over a dozen books

(K,Na)AlSi3O8 Al2Si2O5(OH)4 Al(OH)3/Fe2O3 (K,Ca)0.16Al(Si2O5)OH 2:1 1:1 0:1 Layer silicate Dominant minerals in Florida Fergusson, 1989 JCB lecture

Kabata-Pendias and Pendias (1992) Why large surface areas for layer silicates 1 cmol= 10 m eq. What minrals do you see in Florida? Why a range? Kabata-Pendias and Pendias (1992)

Permanent and pH-dependent PZC Mn oxides (1.2-4.0) Fe oxide (8) CEC: permanent and Ph-dependent Why MnO is not affected by pH? Where Kaolinite will fit? Point of zero charge Adriano (2001)

Soil review Complexity of soils Intensity and capacity concepts Weathering Florida soils Collected from over a dozen books

Major Florida soil types Ultisols Spodosols Entisols Histosols 7 out of 12 orders, 4 major in Florida 1 organic and 11 mineral soils Histosols: muck or peat, accumulation of OC in wet environment Ultisols: high in clay, has a clay layer in subsurface Major Florida soil types

Properties of Florida surface soils CEC Clay Silt Sand OC pH Soil Cmol kg-1 % Entisols (no coating) 1.59 0.40 0.50 99.0 0.41 5.30 Entisols (s coating) 4.79 1.80 1.30 97.0 0.77 5.03 Entisols (coating) 4.98 2.10 4.00 94.0 0.98 5.36 Spodosols 12.2 1.29 3.93 94.8 2.30 4.54 Ultisols 7.41 3.80 6.92 89.3 1.11 5.05 Weathering, losing Na, K, Ca and Mg hard Lewis bases Ma, L.Q., F. Tan and W.G. Harris. 1997. Concentrations and distributions of 11 elements in Florida soils. J. Environ. Qual. 26:769-775. http://lqma.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ma-97c.pdf.

D. Hardison

Kabata-Pendias and Pendias (1992) Three phases: not concrete solid Concern: Liquid > air > solid Solid phase: organic and inorganic Inorganic-minerals: present as sand, silt and clay Organic: Living phase. Heavier than water? Soil moisture content: volume basis, what about mass basis Density of minerals. Kabata-Pendias and Pendias (1992)