TAXONOMY OR How do we identify organisms based on who they are related to, what they are made of, or what they do?

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Presentation transcript:

TAXONOMY OR How do we identify organisms based on who they are related to, what they are made of, or what they do?

What does a sea moth look like?

DRAGON SEA MOTH

Taxonomy The science of classification Taxonomy is a system of grouping organisms based on phylogeny (evolutionary relationships), biochemistry and morphology (structure) Why classify? Huge amount of diversity among living things Helps to make sense of it all

Goals of Classification Goal # 1: Give each type of organism a unique name understood by all Binomial nomenclature – 2-name naming system: Developed by Carrolus Linneaus based on visible characteristics Genus & species Ex. Panulirus interruptus, a.k.a. Pacific spiny lobster, rock lobster or crayfish

There may be as many as 1 trillion species Only about 2 million of have been identified and named so far That is .0002 %

Goal # 2 – Group organisms according to how closely related they are “Related” means they share a common evolutionary history (phylogeny) Allows scientists to develop better understanding about organisms & make comparisons & predictions

Taxonomy How do we classify? Look for common characteristics Phylogeny (evolutionary relationships) Biochemistry Morphology (structure) Ability to reproduce – biological species

Tree of Life

Taxonomic Levels (8 Taxa) Example: Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Cetacea Family: Delphinidae Genus: Tursiops Species: T. truncatus Domain - 3 Kingdom - 6 Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

8 Taxa Domain - Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species - Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup

3 Domains Bacteria Archaea Eukaryota

6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Bacteria (Eubacteria) Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Major Marine Phyla from Kingdom Animalia: (1) Porifera (2) Cnidaria (3) Annelida (4) Mollusca (5) Arthropoda (6) Echinodermata (7) Chordata

Major Marine Classes from Kingdom Animalia: Mollusca Gastropoda, Pelecypoda, Cephalapoda Arthropoda Crustacea, Merostomata Echinodermata Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea Chordata Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Ostiechthyes, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia