Taxonomy and Classification

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Presentation transcript:

Taxonomy and Classification

I. Why Classify? 1.8 million species identified Current estimation: 9 million undiscovered species. 1.) 6.5 million on land 2.) 2.2 million in the oceans C. Most unknown species in tropical forest and deep oceans.

II. Taxonomy A. Definition – study of classification (naming) of organisms. B. Binomial Nomenclature 1. Developed by Carolus Linnaeus 2. A two-word naming system referred to as the scientific name a) Genus – written first and capitalized b) Species – written second and lowercase c) Both are italicized; Canis lupus

III. Linnaeus’ Classification System

IV. Genus and Species Genus – group of closely related species. B. Species - group of organisms able to breed and produce fertile offspring.

C. Examples Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapiens

V. Modern Evolutionary Classification Today organism classification is based upon phylogeny. B. Phylogeny – classification of organisms based upon evolutionary trends and genetic changes

VI. Domains and Kingdoms Domains are larger and more inclusive than kingdoms There are three domains. There are six- kingdoms D. Six Kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

VII. Domain Bacteria The members of the domain bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic. B. This domain consists of one kingdom, Eubacteria.

VIII. Domain Archaea unicellular and prokaryotic, Live in extreme environments—volcanic hot springs, brine pools, and black organic mud totally devoid of oxygen. C. Consists of one kingdom, Archaebacteria.

IX. Domain Eukarya unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic Live in all environments Consists of four kingdoms

X. Kingdom Characteristics Eubacteria & Archaebacteria (Monerans) * single-celled * have few organelles * some able to move * have no nucleus * have a cell wall * absorb food and/or photosynthesize

B. Protista * single-celled * usually no cell wall * have organelles including a nucleus * usually move by cilia, flagella, or by amoeboid motion * absorb, ingest, and/or photosynthesize food

C. Fungi * Multicellular * with a cell wall * organelles & nucleus * do not move * absorb food

D. Plantae * multicellular * has cell wall * organelles & nucleus * photosynthetic * no means of locomotion

E. Animalia * multicellular * move with the aid of cilia, flagella, or muscular organs * organelles including a nucleus * no cell walls * Ingest food