Lecture 4: Conformity and Groupthink

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 4: Conformity and Groupthink

Conformity – Asch Conformity – Milgram Groupthink – Janis Plan for today: Conformity – Asch Conformity – Milgram Groupthink – Janis

Conforming behaviour: Research by: Asch - conform to views of group Milgram - conform to view of authority/obedience

ASCH – STUDIES IN CONFORMITY Solomon Asch

ASCH – STUDIES IN CONFORMITY

MILGRAM – STUDIES IN CONFORMITY Stanley Milgram

Janis’ key example of groupthink: The ‘Bay of Pigs’ invasion

Informal norms to preserve friendly intra-group JANIS – GROUPTHINK Irving Janis GROUPTHINK: Informal norms to preserve friendly intra-group relations lead to a tendency to think alike

Symptoms of groupthink (a) Illusion of invulnerability Collective rationalization Illusion of morality Shared stereotypes

Symptoms of groupthink (b): Direct pressure Self-censorship Illusion of unanimity Mind-guards

Other examples of groupthink: Challenger disaster (1986): Problems with booster rocket well-established 3 of 4 senior engineers opposed launch

Other examples of groupthink: Enron collapse (2001) US-based multi-national energy and financial services company World’s largest financial collapse at the time

Other examples of groupthink: Madoff scandal (2008): ‘Ponzi scheme’ (fraudulent investment operation) £50 billion fraud – largest ever

Asch and Milgram references Asch, Solomon E. (1956) ‘Studies of independence and conformity: A minority of one against a unanimous majority’. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied 70/9: 1-70. Milgram, Stanley (1963) ‘Behavioral study of obedience’. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 67/4: 371-378.

see you then …. Reading for this week: Moorhead et al. Next week: Emotions and emotional intelligence see you then ….