Introduction to Rhetoric

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Rhetoric AP LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION MR. PERRY

Three MOST important terms to know in AP Lang: Argumentation - stating a claim (thesis) and backing it up with relevant and convincing evidence (personal experience/observation) Synthesis – syn (same) thesis (put forth) argumentation that uses quotes from other reliable/academic sources Rhetorical Analysis – ana (back, up) lysis (break) analyzing and describing another author’s use of rhetoric

RHETORIC The art of using language to communicate ideas and/or form arguments. Invented to establish rules of democratic debate

The School of Athens - Raphael Aristotle Plato

Plato’s thoughts… Criticized rhetoric Plato realized rhetoric could be used to spread lies and misinformation Thought that its use would weaken society

Aristotle’s thoughts… Encouraged rhetoric Aristotle believed rhetoric (open discussions and debate about important civic topics) would lead to a stronger, more educated society

Who was right, Plato or Aristotle? Both, depending on where you are, who is speaking, what they’re speaking about, and whether it is the proper time to discuss that topic. Senator Joe McCarthy vs. Edward Murrow

ETHOS The speaker’s credibility – Is this person an expert? Does he/she have experience with the topic? Is this person’s point of view one that is trusted by others? TRUST!

PATHOS Use of emotion Can be positive (inspiring) or negative (fearful) The best speakers know how to use emotionally charged language to get a specific response from the audience

LOGOS Use of logic to form an argument Facts, statistics, data, survey results, if…then statements, cause/effect All good arguments will use logical reasoning to support their central claims All good arguments will also AVOID logical fallacies

KAIROS The timing of a speech or debate If the timing is right, someone’s words can go down in history

CICERO Argued that physical structures (buildings, sculptures, and other man-made items) can be used to spread ideas and reinforce beliefs about society Image of an entrance to an inner-city high school (source: teacher blog) Phoenix Union Bioscience High School – Phoenix, Arizona

Big Ideas When reading and analyzing literature, fiction, non-fiction, or any text, it is important to be critical of the author’s use of ethos, pathos, and logos When writing effective college-level arguments, it’s important to draw from credible sources, and incorporate a variety of emotional and logical appeals

Jack and Ralph - Rhetoric NB Act #2 Two columns labeled Ralph and Jack Fill up each column with the following: Ethos – Why to the boys trust this character as a leader? What qualifies each boy as a leader? What claims does each boy make as to why he is a good leader? Pathos – What emotions does Ralph rely on to maintain leadership and control? How? What emotions does Jack rely on to maintain leadership and control? How? Logos – What type(s) of logical thinking drives Ralph’s leadership? How? What type(s) of logical thinking drives Jack’s leadership?