Warm-up 1 WORD BANK Huang He Dynasties Gobi Himalayas silk The mountains at A The river at B The desert at C Families of rulers Chinese textile Himalayas Huang He Gobi dynasties C B A

Warm-up 2 silk WORD BANK Huang He Confucius Ancestor Worship Philosopher Mandate of Heaven Gobi Dynasties Himalayas silk The mountains at A The river at B The desert at C Families of rulers Gods given right to rule Paying respects towards family that has passed A person who studies ideas about knowledge, truth, and the meaning of life Chinese textile Himalayas Huang He Gobi dynasties Mandate of heaven Ancestor Worship C B philosopher A silk

Warm-up 3 GW SR GW SR A GW SR GW For each of the following answer Silk Roads (SR) or Great Wall (GW) This was built to protect against invaders from the north This trade route stretched from China to the West This was built under the rule of Qin Shi Huangdi Porcelain, silk, and paper were traded along the The structure in blue on map A is the The structure on map B is The structure pictured below is the Warm-up 3 GW SR GW SR A GW SR GW B

Warm-up 4 Confucius believed that…. humans are good or bad? you should respect your elders or youngers? people should follow a code of Hammurabi or politeness? it was more important to be educated or born into a high social class? you should or should not worship ancestors? Chinese government improved when it instituted a civil-service system or caste system?

Warm-up 5 A B A A B A A B A B For each of the following answer A or B India (Mauryan Dynasty) China Good roads, vet clinics ,free hospitals spread of Buddhism Magnetic compass, watermills, civil-service system, woodblock printing Sugarcane literature, medical advances, advances in astronomy (under the Gupta) Aryans invades here Qin Shi Huangdi united this empire Buddhism and Hinduism started here Confucianism and Taoism started here Warm-up 5 A B A B A B A A B A B

Notes, Part One: Geography of China Also includes Dynastic Cycle, Ancestor Worship, Early Achievements

Huang He River (Yellow River) China Geography Huang He River (Yellow River)

Also called the Yellow River and the River of Sorrows (yellow silt caused flooding) Westerners have dubbed it "China's Sorrow," because over the centuries it has killed more people than any other river in the world. In 1887 flooding killed nearly two million people, in 1931 the death toll was almost four million, and in 1938 it was almost one million. Much of the problem stems from the high silt content of the river -- in some stretches as much as 60% by weight. Millions of tons of yellow mud choke the channel, causing the river to overflow and change course. In its lower reaches, the river bed has actually become higher than the level of the surrounding countryside. Water is held in by dikes of ever increasing height, some reaching 30 feet and more.

Flooding of the Huang He Satellite images before after

Protected by the Gobi desert, Himalayan Mountains, Pacific Ocean, dense jungles

Review 1 Main river: ______________ Protected by the ???? desert, ????? Mountains, ?????? Ocean, dense ?????

Chinese Government What is a dynasty? China was ruled by a succession of ruling families called dynasties (Early dynasties: Shang and Zhou)

Chinese rulers were considered divine (god-like). What does divine mean?

Review 2 What does divine mean? What were two of the first major dynasties? Protected by the ???? desert, ????? Mountains, ?????? Ocean, dense ?????

They served under a mandate of heaven (approval of the gods) only as long as their rule was fair The Zhou dynasty claimed the mandate of heaven when they overthrew the Shang

Review 3 Explain the mandate of heaven to a neighbor.

Explains the rise and fall of families of rulers Dynastic Cycle: Explains the rise and fall of families of rulers

Ancestor Worship The Chinese believed that the spirits of family ancestors could bring good fortune or disaster They paid respect to family ancestors and made sacrifices in their honor

Review 4 Why did the Chinese worship their ancestors?

Early Chinese Achievements Silk cloth (made from the cocoons of silkworms). he oldest silk painting found in China was discovered in a Chu tomb at Changsha. The painting depicts the occupant of the tomb riding a dragon and ascending heaven after his death.

Writing: Writing: Characters stood for ideas, not sounds. How did the chinese communicate with the gods? Animal bones and tortoise shells on which priests had scratched questions to the gods. The priest applied heat to the bone and then interpreted the cracks. The earliest evidence of Chinese writing is found on oracle bones.

Irrigation: Irrigation: Water wheels were used to bring river water to the fields

Bronze Bronze vessel used for sacrificial food

Review 5 What are three achievements by Ancient China?

Notes, Part Two: Spread of Buddhism Mongol Invaders Qin Shi Huangdi Contributions

Spread to China through missionaries and trade Buddhism Originated in India Spread to China through missionaries and trade

Chinese forms of Buddhism spread to Korea and Japan

Review What are two countries that Buddhism spread to after it came to China?

Mongols Nomadic invaders from the North Raided Chinese settlements Skilled horseman and warriors

Great Wall of China Built to protect China against Northern invaders (Mongols) Completed under the rule of Qin Shi Huangdi

Review Why was the Great Wall of China built?

Qin Shi Huangdi United China China named for him (Qin pronounced Chin)

Forced peasants to work on the Great Wall burned books imposed high taxes

Review Why did Qin Shi Huangdi burn books? How did he treat his citizens?

Silk Roads Trade route extending from China to cultures as far away as Rome

Goods were passed from one trader to another Cities such as Xi’an and Samarkand prospered due to their location along the Silk Road Samarkand Xi’an

China’s Contributions Silk

Paper Paper money

Block printing Books

Porcelain

Watermills (to grind grain into flour)

Review What are three important Chinese contributions? What was the trade route they used?

Notes, Part Three: Geography of China Also includes Dynastic Cycle, Ancestor Worship, Early Achievements

Classical China centered on the Huang He River (Yellow River) Gobi Desert Himalayas Huang He River

Geographical Barriers geographically isolated by the Gobi Desert, Himalaya Mountains, and Pacific Ocean

Chinese Government China was governed by a succession of ruling families called dynasties. Chinese rulers were considered divine (god-like).

They served under a Mandate of Heaven (The gods gave them the right to rule as long as their rule was just).

Confucius China’s most influential philosopher Wanted to restore good government, social order, and harmony to China

Confucianism Major Beliefs Humans are good, not bad.

Respect for elders

Ancestor worship.

A code of politeness organized around five basic relationships (still used today).

Importance of education.

Which of these words are most associated with the beliefs of Confucius? Politeness Force Education Book-burning War Harsh law

Civil Service System A governmental system whereby a series of tests (civil- service exams) were given to pick the most qualified officials for government jobs.

Influenced by the Confucian emphasis on education. Students were tested on their knowledge about the teachings of Confucius.

Discuss How would a civil-service test ensure qualified people are running the government?

Taoism Founded by Laozi To attain happiness one must live in harmony with the “Tao” Tao: a universal force that guides all things

Major beliefs To find inner peace through:

Humility: being humble, not prideful or arrogant Nothing in the world is as soft and yielding as water. Yet for dissolving the hard and inflexible, nothing can surpass it. The soft overcomes the hard; the gentle overcomes the rigid.

Leading a simple life

Living in harmony with nature

Yin/Yang Represents the balance or harmony between opposites (dark/light, masculine/feminine, etc.) Important to both Confucianism and Taoism

Confucianism was concerned with harmony and balance in society (people getting along with each other)

Taoism emphasized harmony with nature