Russian/American Terminology on Radiometric Calibration of Spaceborne Optoelectronic Sensors 11/20/2018

Authors: Alexander Prokhorov and Raju Datla*, Optical Technology Division, NIST Lev Issaev, State Institute of Metrological Service (Moscow, Russia) Vitaly Zakharenkov and Oleg Mikhaylov, Vavilov State Optical Institute (S.- Petersburg, Russia) Victor Privalsky, Space Dynamics Laboratory/ Utah State University Victor Sapritsky, Vega International, Inc. *Dr. Raju V. Datla, NIST, Optical Technology Division (844), 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8441, Physics Building (221), Room B268, Phone: (301) 975-2131, e-mail: raju.datla@nist.gov 11/20/2018

Introduction The necessity for a uniform usage of terms and definitions in the area of radiometric calibrations of spaceborne sensors becomes crucial for large-scale international space programs, in particular, for space research being undertaken jointly by the United States and the Russian Federation. 3 11/20/2018

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Objectives of Work Proper organizing of national terminologies on radiometric calibration of spaceborne sensors Establishing a unique correspondence between Russian and American terms and definitions Development of a formal document (bi-lingual explanatory dictionary) 11/20/2018

Radiometric Terms Unification in the USA In the 1966-1975, Fred Nicodemus, lately of the Naval Weapons Laboratory at China Lake, CA, then with the NBS has done an outstanding job in solidifying the concepts proposed (as the committee action) in 1966. Together with associates, Nicodemus has expanded the logic and codified the concepts, both in the Military Standard on Infrared Terms and Definitions, AD-784 341 (December 1971) and Reference Book of Radiometric Nomenclature (Irving J. Spiro, John Wiley and Sons,1975) 11/20/2018

USA: Standardization in Adjacent Areas Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering. American National Standard (ANSI Standard Z7.1-1967) Standard Terminology of Appearance – ASTM Standard E284-99a. The American Society for Testing and Materials, 1999 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Names, Symbols, Definitions and Units of Quantities In Optical Spectroscopy (Spectrochimica Acta, 1987, Vol. 43A, No. 1, pp. 1-9 11/20/2018

Russian Federation and former USSR GOST 7601-78 (State Standard) Physical Optics. Terms, Symbols, and Definitions of Basic Quantities GOST 26148-84 Photometry. Terms and Definitions and also GOSTs 8.417-81, 16263-70, 27176-86, etc. 11/20/2018

A good basis for the international terminology in optical phenomenology, radiometry and optical measurement technology is The International Lighting Vocabulary along with some other publications by the International Lighting Commission (CIE). Unfortunately, the latest edition (4th) of The International Lighting Vocabulary had been published in 1987. Some suggestions had been rejected by the practice (e.g. spectral radiance rather than the suggested term spectral concentration of radiance), while some other concepts believed to be rarely used in practice proved to be quite customary in science terminology (e.g., bidirectional reflectance distribution function, BRDF). 11/20/2018

Clair L. Wyatt, Victor Privalsky Clair L. Wyatt, Victor Privalsky. Recommended Practice: Symbols, Terms, and Units for Space–based Infrared Sensor System Calibration and Uncertainty Analysis. Space Dynamics Laboratory/Utah State University. Logan, UT, 1996 Clair L. Wyatt, Victor Privalsky, and Raju Datla. Recommended Practice; Symbols, Terms, Units and Uncertainty Analysis for Radiometric Sensor Calibration. NIST Handbook 152, NIST, 1998 A. Prokhorov, V. Sapritsky, and V. Privalsky. Ground-based Radiometric Calibrations of Space-borne IR Sensors. Terms and Definitions. Part 1. Calibration Techniques. New York, 2001 11/20/2018

Dictionary’s Contents Basic concepts of geometric, wave and corpuscular optics Basic concepts of remote sensing technologies Basic metrology concepts in the area of ground-based calibrations of space-borne sensors Radiometric quantities, symbols, and units Optical phenomena Optical properties of objects and media 11/20/2018

Dictionary’s Contents (continued) Radiometric systems and their components Radiation sources Spectral instrumentation Optical detectors Optical components Radiometric instruments for remote sensing Auxiliary radiometric equipment 11/20/2018

Dictionary’s Contents (continued) Characteristics of radiometric systems and their components Characteristics of optical systems Characteristics of spectral instrumentation Parameters and characteristics of optical detectors Parameters and characteristics of radiometric instruments for remote sensing 11/20/2018

Dictionary’s Features SI system of units More than 500 definitions Two-column text organization Bi-lingual index About 50 references in English and 30 in Russian CD-ROM hypertext version 11/20/2018

Conclusion Currently, the document is submitted to a team of American experts for comments and corrections. A draft of this volume is presented at this meeting. A draft of the second part of the document has been developed that covers terms and definitions relating to measurements, analysis of data and uncertainties in radiometric calibration of spaceborne optoelectronic sensors. We would be happy to share the document (Vol. I) with you and your comments would be highly appreciated. 11/20/2018