The Skeleton

Bones of the human skeleton You do not have to learn the names of all of the bones in the human body !

Functions of the skeleton Support – Your bones give your body its overall shape. Movement – Along with your muscles they allow us to move. Protection – Some bones protect vital organs such as the brain, heart and lungs

A joint is the point where 2 or more bones come together. What is a joint ? A joint is the point where 2 or more bones come together.

Types of joint There are many different types of joint in the human body – we will only consider 3 of them !

Is the skull just one bone ? Fixed Joints Is the skull just one bone ?

The skull is made of 22 bones ! Fixed Joints The skull is made of 22 bones ! 14 of these are in the face ! The bones of your skull are joined together and cannot move (except the lower jaw).

Allows the arm to bend in ONE direction Hinge Joints The elbow joint Allows the arm to bend in ONE direction

The knee is another type of hinge joint Hinge Joints The knee is another type of hinge joint

Allows ROTATION in all directions Ball and Socket Joints The hip joint Allows ROTATION in all directions

Can you see another ball and socket joint ? Ball and Socket Joints Can you see another ball and socket joint ? Shoulder Hip

Types of Joints - Summary Copy and fill in this summary table

Types of Joints - Summary Rotation in all directions Type of joint Example Type of movement Fixed Hinge Ball and socket Skull None Knee and elbow Bend in one direction Shoulder and Hip Rotation in all directions

They are called synovial joints and they are full of synovial fluid Most joints that allow movement contain liquid and have a similar structure They are called synovial joints and they are full of synovial fluid

Synovial Joint Structure ligament ligament Synovial membrane Cartilage Synovial fluid Femur (leg bone)

Parts of a Synovial Joint Ligaments – hold bones in place preventing dislocation Synovial fluid – reduces friction as the bones slide across one another Synovial membrane – produces and encases the synovial fluid Cartilage – acts as a shock absorber to protect the ends of the bones