FIZINIS AKTYVUMAS IR SVEIKATA

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Presentation transcript:

FIZINIS AKTYVUMAS IR SVEIKATA doc. S. Ustilaitė

Judėjimas – viena iš svarbiausių gyvų organizmų funkcijų

Susipažinsime su: Fizinio aktyvumo poveikiu sveikatai Rekomenduojamomis fizinio aktyvumo normomis Fizinio aktyvumo reikšme Teoriniais fizinio aktyvumo skatinimo modeliais Fizinio aktyvumo skatinimo priemonėmis

Ką vadiname fiziniu aktyvumu? Physical activity is any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in an expenditure of energy. www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/physical/terms/ Any form of exercise or movement. Physical activity may include planned activity such as walking, running, basketball, or other sports. Physical activity may also include other daily activities such as household chores, yard work, etc. win.niddk.nih.gov/publications/glossary/MthruZ.htm

Health- dynamic state of complete physical, mental, spiritual and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (WHO'S New Proposed Definition. 101st Session of the WHO Executive Board, Geneva, January 1998. Resolution EB101.R2)

Fizinis aktyvumas ir sveikata Prevencija ir sveikatos stiprinimas Ligų gydymas

Fizinis aktyvumas – prevencinė lėtinių ligų priemonė Determinants Life-styles Risk factors Chronic diseases Sedentary life style

Fizinis aktyvumas Optimalus Nepakankamas (hipokinezija) Per didelis (hiperkinezija)

Didinamas kūno lankstumas Gerinamas sąnarių lankstumas Benefit of physical activities for children Fizinio aktyvumo reikšmė vaikų sveikatai Didinamas kūno lankstumas Gerinamas sąnarių lankstumas Stiprinami raumenys Stiprinami kaulai Didinamas ištvermingumas Vystomi/tobulinami motoriniai judesiai Reguliuojamas svoris Išeikvojami/geriau deginami kūno riebalai

Fizinio aktyvumo reikšmė vaikų ir paauglių sveikatai Skatinamas pagrindinių fizinių duomenų (jėgos, greitumo, ištvermės, judesių koordinacijos) vystymasis; Gerėja laikysena, gražėja kūno formos, didėja savivertė; Aktyvinama imuninė sistema; Aktyvinama galvos smegenų žievė, skatinamos teigiamos emocijos; Nervų sistema geriau adaptuojamasi fiziniams ir psichiniams krūviams, lengviau įveikiama psichoemocinė įtampa, stresai, pagerėja miegas, greičiau pailsima ir atsistatoma.

Benefit of physical activities Fizinio aktyvumo reikšmė Mažėja kraujo spaudimas Didėja “gerojo” ir mažėja “blogojo” cholesterolio kiekis kraujyje Stiprėja širdies ir kraujagyslių sistema Mažėja cukrinio diabeto rizika Gerėja emocinė sveikata, mažėja stresas

Fizinio aktyvumo įpročiai (Aart H., Paulusen T., Schaalma H.) Fizinio aktyvumo įpročiai turi būti skatinami ir išsaugomi nuo vaikystės Teigiama nuostata į fizinį aktyvumą turėtų būti ugdoma nuo vaikystės Fizinio aktyvumo įpročiai ir elgsena, susiformavusi vaikystėje turi įtakos motyvacijai būti aktyviems visą gyvenimą

Koks turėtų būti fizinis aktyvumas? Dabartiniu metu rekomenduojama, kad vaikai ir paaugliai užsiimtų vidutinio fizinio aktyvumo veikla mažiausiai 60 min. per dieną Biddle S, Sallis J, Cavill N.Policy framework for young peopleand health enhancing physical activity. In: Young and active? Young people and health enhancing physical activity- Evidence and implications.London, Health Education Authority, 1998.

(tūkstančiais žingsnių) Vaikų motorinio aktyvumo paros higienos normos (pagal A. Sucharevą, B. Šimkūnienę) Amžius (metais) Lokomocijos (tūkstančiais žingsnių) Judėjimo trukmė (valandomis) 3-4 9-12 5,5-6 5-6 11-15 5-5,5 7-10 15-20 4-5 11-14 18-25 3,5-4,5 15-17 berniukai mergaitės 25-30 20-25 3-4,5

Movement ”diet” for children

FA rekomendacijos Fogelholm M. , Suni J. , Rinne M. , Oja P. , Vuori I FA rekomendacijos Fogelholm M., Suni J., Rinne M., Oja P., Vuori I. (2005). Physical Activity Pie: A Graphical Presentation Integrating Recommendations for Fitness and Health. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2, 391-396. Suaugę žmonės turi būti vidutiniškai fiziškai aktyvūs bent 30 min. per dieną daugumą savaitės dienų, arba dar geriau, kasdien. Pagrindinis rekomenduojamas fizinio aktyvumo lygmuo yra lygus 4,2 MJ arba 1000 kcal per savaitę. Šis lygmuo yra žemiausias galimas, kuriam esant galima išvengti sveikatos rizikos. Arba 2-3 val. per savaitę mankštinimosi (rekomenduojamo fiziniam tinkamumui, angl. fitness, gerinti). Optimalus fizinio aktyvumo lygmuo apima abi dalis (kasdieninį fizinį aktyvumą ir mankštinimąsi), tačiau minimalus – bent jau kasdieninis fizinis aktyvumas.

Physical activity pyramid

HBSC, 2004

HIPOKINEZIJOS PRIEŽASTYS

HIPOKINEZIJOS PASEKMĖS Energijos eikvojimo sumažėjimas Raumenų masės sumažėjimas Raumenų jautrumo sutrikimas Raumenų jėgos ir darbingumo sumažėjimas Kūno masės sumažėjimas Judesių koordinacijos sutrikimas HIPO- KINEZĖ Aferentinės impulsacijos sutrikimas Kraujagyslių tonuso sumažėjimas Nervų sistemos trofinės funkcijos sutrikimas Miokardo masės sumažėjimas Kalcio išskyrimo su šlapimu padidėjimas Širdies – kraujagyslių sistemos detreniruotumas Reaktyvumo sumažėjimas, astenizacija Kaulų tvirtumo sumažėjimas

Hiperkinezija – per didelis fizinis aktyvumas Mikrotraumos kaulų augimo zonose Greitesnė lytinė branda Trumpesnė gyvenimo trukmė 2-3 metai Didesnė emocinė įtampa

How to develop children’s health How to develop children’s health? How to involve children in physical activities? What are the objectives of physical education?

Teoriniai modeliai (frameworks) Kognityvus (pažinimo) Besiremiantis rezultatu Daugiamatis (Multidimensional)

Sveikatos įstikinimų modelis (Becker, 1974) Suvokiama grėsmė sveikatai (threat of disease) Suvokiama fizinio aktyvumo nauda sveikatai Strategijų fiziniam aktyvumui parengimas

Theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991) Teigiama nuostata į fizinį aktyvumą Įsivaizduojama norma Ketinimas Elgesys Suvokiama fizinio aktyvumo nauda

Theory of planned behavior Human action is guided by three kinds of considerations: Behavior beliefs (about consequences of behavior) Normative beliefs (about expectations of others) Control beliefs (about factors that may facilitate or impede behavior)

Socialinio pažinimo teorija

Socialinio pažinimo teorija (Bandura, 1986, 1997) Teorijos konceptai: Aplinka Gebėjimai/ pajėgumas Pastangos Mokymasis stebint Savikontrolė Asmeninis veiksmingumas Pastiprinimas Emocinis pasitenkinimas

Elgesio keitimo pakopos (Prochaska, Di Clemente, 1992) Parama

Santrauka (Miilunpalo, 2001) Veiksnių kategorija Veiksnių apibrėžtis Degrees of association Teigiami faktoriai Nuostatos x Lūkesčiai Asmens motyvacija xx Palaikantys faktoriai Asmeninis veiksmingumas/ pasitenkinimas Pagerėjusi fizinė būklė Stiprinantys faktoriai Socialinė parama/bendraamžiai, šeima Socialiė paramal /mokytojai Suvokiamos pastangos -

Pagrindinės priežastys, kodėl vaikai nenori sportuoti: Tai neteikia malonumo Per dideli reikalavimai Mokytojai reikalauja rezultatų Kiti mokiniai juoksis, jeigu.....… Mokytojai nepaaiškina ir neparodo, kaip reikia atlikti pratimą Fizinis aktyvumas nėra populiarus mokykloje

Kaip paskatinti vaikų fizinį aktyvumą? Sudaryti tinkamą / malonią aplinką Daugiau judėjimo Asmeniškai sudominti Vystyti asmeninius gebėjimus Opportunities to reaffirm friendships

Ko nori vaikai? Įdomios aplinkos Draugiškos aplinkos Bendradarbiavimo ir teigiamos patirties Saugios aplinkos Draugiškų mokytojų ???

What is physical (sport) education? ...a purposeful process for physical and mental development by a variety of physical activities (glossary of pedagogical terms, 2000) ....an educational process that uses physical activity as a means to help people acquire skills, fitness, knowledge and attitudes that contribute to their optimal development and well-being. www.sbed.gov.bc.ca/SportBranch/Glossary.htm

Kokia turėtų būti fizinį aktyvumą skatinati programa?

Pagrindiniai programos konceptai Fitness oriented Health-enhancing physical activity

The aim of physical education (No PE curriculum, UK, 2003) The fundamental goal of the physical education program is to prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century by providing opportunities to attain the skills and knowledge to be physically active as part of a healthy lifestyle.

The objectives of physical education Elementary school children should derive developmental and personal meaning from movement and enjoyment as they gain competence in movement ability. Secondary level physical education should provide enjoyment, challenge, social opportunities and a greater opportunity for self-expression and personal meaning.

students will find an activity that they enjoy and will engage in outside of school students will develop a positive attitude toward physical activity students will have a wide range of contexts and environments in which to apply their movement skills students will have a balanced movement "diet" there will be something for everybody

From Canada PE Curriculum (1996) “In physical education we need to concentrate on movement. Physical education is not basketball, baseball, volleyball or any other sport- these are the applications of what physical education is.”

Key determinants of involvement and potential change strategies Veiksnys Apibrėžimas Galimos pokyčių strategijos Asmeninis veiksmingumas Self-efficacy Confidence in one’s ability to take action and overcome barries Approach behaviour change in small steps to ensure success, be specific about desired change Galimybės Anticipated outcomes of a participation at sports lessons Pay attention to positive outcomes of participation at PE classes Socialinė aplinka Bendruomenės ryšiai Bendruomenės ryšių stiprinimas

Klausimai diskusijai Koks yra fizinio aktyvumo skatinimo tikslas? Kokią vietą stiprinant sveikatą užimą fizinis aktyvumas? Kiek turėtų būti skiriama dėmesio sveikatos ugdymo programose fiziniam aktyvumui? Kaip realizuojamas fizinis aktyvumas mokyklose? Kokios yra mokinių/studentų nuostatos į fizinį aktyvumą? Kokią fizinio aktyvumo reikšmė tavo gyvenime?

Literature Physical activity and public health-a recommendations from the center for disease control and preventionand the American Colege of Sports Medicine. JAMA, 1995,273.PP.402-407. Caspersen C.J.,Powel K.E., Christensen GM.Physicalactivity, exercise and physical fitness.Public Health Rep., 1985,100.pp.125-131. Jones M. Promoting mental health through physical activity: examples from practise.Journal of mental health promotion, 2004,3. pp.8-16. Exercise and psysical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.AHA statement. Circulation, 2003, 107, 3109 Perry CL. et al. Promoting healthy eating and physical activity patterns among adolescents: a pilot study of Slice of Life. Health Educ. Res., 1987, 2, 2. pp.93-103.

Promoting physical activity in children and youth Promoting physical activity in children and youth. Circulation, 2006, 114.pp. 1214-1224. Roberts C., TyndalJ., Komkov A. Physical activity. In: Young peoples Health in context. HBSC study: international report from the 2001/2002 survey.pp. 90-97. Sallis JF., Patric K. Physical activity guidelines for adolescents: consensus statement. Pediatric Exercise Science, 1994, 6. pp. 302-314. Salmon JO. et al. Reducing sedentary Reducing sedentary behaviour and increasing physical activity: overview and process of Switch and Play intervention. Health Prom. Int., 2005, 20, 1.pp.7-17. Ward DS.et al. Implementation of school environment to increase physical activity in high school girls. Health Educ.Res., 2006,v.21,6.pp.896-1093. Warren JM. et al. Evaluation of a pilot school programme aimed at the prevention of obesity in children. Health Prom.Int., 2003,18, 4. pp. 287-296