ORTOP NXT Robotics Techniques Workshop 2007 “Opening doors to the worlds of science and technology for Oregon’s youth” 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 Goals Audience: Rookie coaches/mentors, experienced coaches & mentors Provide Material That Is Immediately Usable With Your Team Gain Mindstorms NXT Programming Experience You should have already attended NXT workshops I & II and/or coached a team in a 2006 tournament. 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 Instructor Contacts Ken Cone kcone@hevanet.com 503-292-0920 Leroy Nuckles leroy.a.nuckles@intel.com 503-264-2088 Jim Ryan james.r.ryan@intel.com 971-225-6087 Scott Stanko scott.stanko@intel.com 971-215-9677 Roger Swanson swanson@hevanet.com 503-297-1824 Cathy Swider Cathy_swider@ous.edu 503-725-2920 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 Agenda Introductions (5 min) Slide Review (20 min) Break into Teams NXT Techniques lab exercises (90 min) Review & questions 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 Agenda Handouts for this workshop: TechniquesNXT2007V2.ppt (this slide set) TechniquesNXT2007LabsV2.doc (lab exercises) NXT WorkshopCD2007Vx.y NXT Workshop materials MindstormsNXT Tutorial by Dale Yocum INSciTE NXT Programming manual, from High Tech Kids Selected videos of 06 State Championships High Tech Kids, see references slide 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 Our Mission FLL is not just about building robots and competing in tournaments Develop team member skills technical team building research & presentation Technical problem solving can be fun The youngsters do the work Introduce possibility of a technical career 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 NXT Basics LEGO Parts Identification Have kids inventory your NXT kit & get to know the parts Use pins and various Technic parts to build your robot. Pins are stronger than original LEGO bricks with bumps. Important to have all team members become familiar with robot parts. Build small sub assemblies, e.g. gear trains & grabbers 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 NXT Basics Note how NXT parts are all pinned together using Technic parts There are only a few plates with bumps Motors are strong enough for direct drive – turn a wheel on your robot to feel the gears Motors have built in rotation sensors – programmed in degrees or rotations Take a minute to examine the NXT parts and motors 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 NXT Basics Gears Spur Gear (show example) instructor holds beam class person turns axles and feels torque on other axle tactile feedback = learning about gears and torque Gear Ratio and Speed turn large gear one complete turn. How may times does small gear turn? 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 NXT Basics Torque can be thought of as rotational force torque causes something with mass to rotate a force can create a torque by acting through a moment arm (picture a wrench turning a bolt) a motor produces a torque – transferred to gears and to axles that turn the wheels gears change speed and torque e.g. changing bicycle gears to go up a hill 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 NXT Basics More Gears Worm Gears one way transfer of power (show example) Pulleys use for slippage during lifting Clutch slippage after torque value listed on clutch GS Day Camp pages on gears instructor hold up 3 page handout 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 NXT Basics Firmware & programs stored in flash (like photos on a digital camera) Default inputs: touch = 1, light = 3, Distance = 4 Allowed: 2 touch, 2 light, 1 Distance Default outputs: Left motor = C, right motor = B Allowed: 3 motors (rotation sensors built in) Allowed: (3 - number of motors) rotation sensors 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 NXT Basics - Motors Note holes for Axles and Cams One Move block in the program controls both motors The robot moves straight - motors will adjust speed as the robot moves A program with two Move blocks (one for each motor) will not go straight… Try programming tests for straight and curved movements, single and multiple Move blocks Motors can be part of the framework for the robot Motors adjust speed to run straight, they have position and rate feedback 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Basics – Light Sensor Reads reflection from a built-in IR emitter - (the sensor responds to visible light and into the IR spectrum) (default mode) Or, reads light intensity from surroundings with emitter turned off Use NXT Brick View program or Sensor feedback box to read Black, Green, White values as in previous workshops The sensor feedback box (located in the configuration panel) displays the current light reading (0-100%). You can use it to try out different trigger values. We will go through the calibration procedure in the lab. Note the light sensor is IR sensitive, e.g. it responds to heat. 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 NXT Basics - Sensors Touch sensor Responds to being pressed, or released, or bumped (pressed then released) Note axle slot for extending sensor capability Click “More help?” in lower right corner of Mindstorms screen. This works like “Show Context Help” in ROBOLAB 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Basics – Program Memory Maximum available memory is ~125KB Firmware refresh and all files deleted Each program is ~0.1KB overhead E.g. Move block ~5.1KB, two ~5.8KB E.g. Move + Wait for light sensor ~7.7KB Use My Blocks for subroutines for better memory usage Click NXT Window then Memory to view memory usage Instructor show this command Refer to NXTmemory.doc for more details Instructor, show this file 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Basics – Programming Open Mindstorms NXT, Close the Robo Center Find “Start New Program” – type “move1” and “Go>>”. Click the Move block (gears) – note white box Move mouse so white box is in Start square Click to drop the Move block in Start square Click hour glass Wait block, slide mouse to right and click Touch sensor – move to position to right of Move block. Use Esc key to undo a command Use Delete key to delete a block 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Basics – Lab Exercises Lab Sections Lab 1 - The Distance Sensor Lab 2 – Data Hubs & Variables This exercise shows 4 different techniques to program the robot to go in a square Lab 3 - Switches & Range Blocks Advanced lab - Light sensor calibration 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Basics – Lab Exercises Show video: examples of robots with fixtures for each mission Introduce yourself to other team members Begin with Lab1 exercise Continue with as many labs as you can 90 min to complete the labs Ask questions, chances are someone else has the same question Have fun! 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 NXT Basics – LAB Conclusions Each team briefly explain a section of what you learned in this workshop What advice would you have for a team starting out with NXT? Teaching for understanding “creates challenging situations in which students test their knowledge by solving problems, building products, and giving performances or writing reports that synthesize thorough analysis of a topic, a concept, or an idea.” * 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 NXT Basics Next Steps NXT Robotics Techniques slides NXT Techniques labs Mindstorms NXT tutorial (show tutorial) INSciTE tutorial Build and test some robots Test tracks Oval track with hill Make up your own exercises – stress basics 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

Programming Resources Tutorials, Dale Yocum On ORTOP CD or download from http://cgsinfo.catlin.edu/msrobotics/html/downloads.html takes time, go through in sections NXT Tutorial is also available online: http://www.ortop.org/NXT_Tutorial/ Requires Adobe Macromedia Shockwave Player and high speed download connection 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 Information Resources Inscite www.hightechkids.org Google “FLL programming” and look for FLL programming 101 N .pdf This file is on the NXT workshop CD 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 Parting Thoughts From “All I Really Need to Know (About Creative Thinking) I Learned (By Studying How Children Learn) in Kindergarten* Tips from 12 year olds on being creative: Start simple Work on things that you like If you have no clue what to do, fiddle around Don’t be afraid to experiment Find a friend to work with, share ideas! It’s OK to copy stuff (to give you an idea) Keep your ideas in a sketch book Build, take apart, rebuild Lots of things can go wrong, stick with it *MIT Media Lab 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 Review & Questions Please give us your input Let ORTOP know how we can improve the program Thanks for volunteering, your effort makes learning possible! Disassemble robots and put pieces back into kits 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 Our Mailing Lists Totally voluntary, and you can opt out ortopvol All volunteers One way from ORTOP to our volunteers We add you when you volunteer ortopcm Coaches and mentors Communication among that group and with ORTOP We add you when you complete a workshop 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007

NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007 Contact Us Website: www.ortop.org Email: questions@ortop.org Scott Stanko answers the questions email Phone: 503.725.2920 (Cathy Swider) or 503-725-2915 (Bruce Schafer) 11/20/2018 NXT Robotics Techniques - 2007