NUTRIENT CYCLE REVIEW NUTRIENT CYCLES AND EARTH SPHERES (SLIDE 2) PROCESSES OF NITROGEN CYCLE (SLIDE 4)

Nutrient Cycles and Earth’s Spheres (Put an X in the box to indicate which of Earth’s systems each nutrient cycles through Nutrient Atmosphere Biosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere Nitrogen X Phosphorus   Carbon

What is the role of bacteria in the Nitrogen cycle? BREAKS DOWN UNUSEABLE NITROGEN INTO ____ ____________NH₃ (AMMONIA) or NO₃ (NITRATE) WHICH IS SOMETHING THE PLANTS CAN USE

WASTE AND DEAD MATTER IS BROKEN DOWN INTO AMMONIA Nitrogen Fixation NITROGEN GETS FIXED BY BACTERIA ON LEGUMES, HUMANS OR LIGHTNING IN THE ATMOSPHERE BACTERI HUMANS LIGHTNING NITRATES OR NO₃   YES Nitrification BACTERIA IN SOIL BREAK DOWN NITROGEN BACTERIA NITRATES (NO₃) Denitrification NITRATES (NO₃) BROKEN DOWN BY BACTERIA INTO NITROGEN GAS (N₂) WHICH IS RELEASED IN ATMOSPHERE NITROGEN GAS NO Ammonification WASTE AND DEAD MATTER IS BROKEN DOWN INTO AMMONIA NH₃

Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus are all present in dead organisms and waste. Does this stop the nutrients from moving through the cycle? If the nutrients continue cycling, how are they released from the waste and dead organisms? BACTERIA BREAK DOWN THE DEAD ORGANISMS AND DELIVER THE NUTRIENTS TO THE SOIL__

A farmer tests her soil and notices that it is low in nitrates A farmer tests her soil and notices that it is low in nitrates. Identify two options she has for increasing the nitrates in the soil. ______FERTILIZE ARTIFICIALLY PLANT BEANS, PEAS, OR CLOVER (LIGUMES) Which of the options are more environmentally-friendly? Explain why. PLANTING LEGUMES BECAUSE IT IS THE ORGANIC OPTION

What three ways is nitrogen used in living organisms? CHLOROPHYL PROTEIN OR AMINO ACIDS DNA AND RNA

How do consumers/animals get the nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon they need to survive? EATING How do plants acquire phosphorus and nitrogen? ABSORBTION THROUGH ROOTS How do plants acquire carbon? PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Identify 2 main ways in which humans negatively impact the nitrogen cycle. EUTROPHICATION OF WATERWAYS CAR EXHAUST, BURNING FOSSIL FUELS

Identify 4 things you can do to positively impact the nitrogen cycle USE LESS FERTILIZER AND DETERGENTS _______ _TAKE A BUS, CARPOOL, BIKE, WALK_______

What 2 things may happen to excess fertilizer not absorbed by plants it has been applied to? ________ HIGH CONCENTRATION IN RUN OFF_____ _____AFFECT HUMAN HEALTH, PLANT HEALTH____

What is Eutrophication? EUTROPHICATION IS WHEN A POND OR A LAKE DIES OUT (CANNOT SUSTAIN LIFE) BECAUSE IT HAS TOO MUCH NITROGEN OR PHOSPHORUS OR BOTH_______

What is the relationship between fertilizer use and eutrophication? THE MORE FERTILIZER WE USE, THE HIGHER THE CHANCE OF EUTROPHICATION

What is the role of bacteria in the phosphorus cycle? BACTERIA PROCESS THE PHOSPHORUS

Identify the four factors working against plants being able to absorb phosphorus.

What is the role of Water in the phosphorus cycle? (3 things) WEATHERING AGENT___ TRANSPORTING AGENT_ _ DISSOLVING AGENT________

What two places is phosphorus stored? ROCKS_____________ ______SEDIMENT (SOIL)___________ What processes are responsible for releasing phosphorus from rock? RIGHT pH in the soil and BACTERIA CONVERTING

Is the phosphorus cycle quick or slow? Explain. SLOW> IT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS FOR THE PHOSPHORUS TO GO THROUGH ONE CYCLE__ How do plants get the phosphorus they need? THEY TAKE IN INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS FROM THE SOIL THROUGH THE ROOTS

How is phosphorus used in living organisms? Which form of phosphate can plants absorb, Organic or Inorganic? __________INORGANIC_____ What is mineralization? __WHEN ORGANIC MATTER DECAYS, BACTERIA CONVERT THE ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS INTO INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS How is phosphorus used in living organisms? DNA AND RNA TEETH AND BONES A PART OF THE CELL MEMBRANE METABOLIZE CARBS, FATS, LIPIDS_ENERGY STORING MOLECULE (ATP and ADP)

What happens to sediment that has been deposited at the bottom of a body of water, over long periods of time and when under a lot of pressure? ___IT IS COMPACTED, FORMS LAYERS, AND FINALLY BECOMES SEDIMENT_______ Identify 5 ways in which humans negatively impact the phosphorus cycle. MINING_______________ DEFORESTATION EUTROPHICATION_____________ ADD HUMAN AND AGRICULTURAL WASTE______ CREATE ALGAE BLOOM______________________

Identify the 4 main reasons why Carbon is essential to living organisms. BONDS EASILY______________ PART OF EVERY LIVING ORGANISM____________ BUILDING BLOCK OF ALL LIFE___ PART OF MACROMOLECULES____

Identify the 4 macromolecules carbon is a part of _________________LIPIDS_____________ ___________________FATS_____________________ __________CARBS__________________ _______________PROTEINS____________________

What is the formula for photosynthesis? ____SUN___+___CO₂ + H₂O______=_____GLUCOSE (C₆H₁₂O₆)________+__________O₂____________

__PHOTOSYNTHESIS TAKES IN CO₂ AND RELEASES O₂ INTO ATMOSPHERE WHILE MAKING GLUCOSE. CELLULAR RESPIRATION TAKES IN OXYGEN AND PROCESSES THE GLUCOSE AND RELEASES CO₂ INTO THE ATMOSPHERE.________ ___________

How does deforestation impact the carbon cycle? ____LESS TREES/ LESS O₂ PRODUCED/ MORE CO₂ IN THE ATMOSPHERE How do cows impact the carbon cycle? ___RELEASE CO₂ THROUGH RESPIRATION AND METHANE (CH₄) GAS INTO ATMOSPHERE When organisms die or waste is produced and bacteria and decomposers break them down, what gas is released to the atmosphere? __CO₂_ What process creates this? DECOMPOSION___ How are fossil fuels created? PARTIALLY DECOMPOSED ORGANIC MATTER COMPRESSED FOR MANY YEARS

What is diffusion? ____GOING FROM A HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO LOWER CONCENTRATION____________ How is diffusion related to the Carbon cycle?_____CO₂ DIFFUSES FROM THE ATMOSPHERE INTO THE OCEAN/ ______ ____________________________________________ How is carbonic acid created? _CO₂ + H₂O = H₂CO₃ ( CARBON DIOXIDE DIFFUSES INTO THE OCEAN WHERE IT MIXES WITH THE WATER AND BECOMES CARBONIC ACID – MAKING THE OCEAN MORE ACIDIC____________ As more and more carbon is absorbed by the oceans, more carbonic acid is created. What is the ultimate affect of this on our oceans? ____MORE ACIDIC – MAKING IT HARD FOR ORGANISMS TO LIVE _________

Aside from respiration, what types of activities return carbon dioxide to the atmosphere? _COMBUSTION (BURNING FOSSIL FUELS) _COW FARTS__ DECOMPOSITION_______ VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS_ Where is carbon stored? LIMESTONE/DOLOMITE______________ OCEANS AS SEDIMENT____________ COAL, OIL, GAS____________ ORGANIC MATTER_____________ In what ways do humans negatively impact the carbon cycle? BURN FOSSIL FUELS__________________ _____DRIVE CARS________________ ____DEFORESTATION____ ______POWER PLANTS__________________

Identify four ways humans can positively impact the carbon cycle. USE LESS FOSSIL FUELS TAKE BUSSES WALK TURN DOWN HEAT AND AIR CONDITIONING PLANT TREES

LIGHTNING FIXATION INDUSTRIAL FIXATION NITROGEN FIXATION DENITRIFICATION AMMONIFICATION NITRIFICATION

RESPIRATION BY ANIMALS ORGANISM NOT FULLY DECOMPOSED RESPIRATION BY PLANTS PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION BY ANIMALS FEEDING COMBUSTION WASTE & DEAD ORGANISM DECOMPOSITION ORGANISM NOT FULLY DECOMPOSED

SEDIMENTARY ROCK FORMED WEATHERING & EROSION SEDIMENTARY ROCK FORMED RUNOFF CONSUMPTION SEDIMENT DEPOSITED ABSORPTION BY ROOTS LEACHING DECOMPOSITION